USB: add documentation about callbacks

Add Documentation about callbacks in USB.


Signed-off-by: Oliver Neukum <oneukum@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>

Documentation/usb/callbacks.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,132 @@
+What callbacks will usbcore do?
+===============================
+
+Usbcore will call into a driver through callbacks defined in the driver
+structure and through the completion handler of URBs a driver submits.
+Only the former are in the scope of this document. These two kinds of
+callbacks are completely independent of each other. Information on the
+completion callback can be found in Documentation/usb/URB.txt.
+
+The callbacks defined in the driver structure are:
+
+1. Hotplugging callbacks:
+
+ * @probe: Called to see if the driver is willing to manage a particular
+ *	interface on a device.
+ * @disconnect: Called when the interface is no longer accessible, usually
+ *	because its device has been (or is being) disconnected or the
+ *	driver module is being unloaded.
+
+2. Odd backdoor through usbfs:
+
+ * @ioctl: Used for drivers that want to talk to userspace through
+ *	the "usbfs" filesystem.  This lets devices provide ways to
+ *	expose information to user space regardless of where they
+ *	do (or don't) show up otherwise in the filesystem.
+
+3. Power management (PM) callbacks:
+
+ * @suspend: Called when the device is going to be suspended.
+ * @resume: Called when the device is being resumed.
+ * @reset_resume: Called when the suspended device has been reset instead
+ *	of being resumed.
+
+4. Device level operations:
+
+ * @pre_reset: Called when the device is about to be reset.
+ * @post_reset: Called after the device has been reset
+
+The ioctl interface (2) should be used only if you have a very good
+reason. Sysfs is preferred these days. The PM callbacks are covered
+separately in Documentation/usb/power-management.txt.
+
+Calling conventions
+===================
+
+All callbacks are mutually exclusive. There's no need for locking
+against other USB callbacks. All callbacks are called from a task
+context. You may sleep. However, it is important that all sleeps have a
+small fixed upper limit in time. In particular you must not call out to
+user space and await results.
+
+Hotplugging callbacks
+=====================
+
+These callbacks are intended to associate and disassociate a driver with
+an interface. A driver's bond to an interface is exclusive.
+
+The probe() callback
+--------------------
+
+int (*probe) (struct usb_interface *intf,
+		const struct usb_device_id *id);
+
+Accept or decline an interface. If you accept the device return 0,
+otherwise -ENODEV or -ENXIO. Other error codes should be used only if a
+genuine error occurred during initialisation which prevented a driver
+from accepting a device that would else have been accepted.
+You are strongly encouraged to use usbcore'sfacility,
+usb_set_intfdata(), to associate a data structure with an interface, so
+that you know which internal state and identity you associate with a
+particular interface. The device will not be suspended and you may do IO
+to the interface you are called for and endpoint 0 of the device. Device
+initialisation that doesn't take too long is a good idea here.
+
+The disconnect() callback
+-------------------------
+
+void (*disconnect) (struct usb_interface *intf);
+
+This callback is a signal to break any connection with an interface.
+You are not allowed any IO to a device after returning from this
+callback. You also may not do any other operation that may interfere
+with another driver bound the interface, eg. a power management
+operation.
+If you are called due to a physical disconnection, all your URBs will be
+killed by usbcore. Note that in this case disconnect will be called some
+time after the physical disconnection. Thus your driver must be prepared
+to deal with failing IO even prior to the callback.
+
+Device level callbacks
+======================
+
+pre_reset
+---------
+
+int (*pre_reset)(struct usb_interface *intf);
+
+Another driver or user space is triggering a reset on the device which
+contains the interface passed as an argument. Cease IO and save any
+device state you need to restore.
+
+If you need to allocate memory here, use GFP_NOIO or GFP_ATOMIC, if you
+are in atomic context.
+
+post_reset
+----------
+
+int (*post_reset)(struct usb_interface *intf);
+
+The reset has completed.  Restore any saved device state and begin
+using the device again.
+
+If you need to allocate memory here, use GFP_NOIO or GFP_ATOMIC, if you
+are in atomic context.
+
+Call sequences
+==============
+
+No callbacks other than probe will be invoked for an interface
+that isn't bound to your driver.
+
+Probe will never be called for an interface bound to a driver.
+Hence following a successful probe, disconnect will be called
+before there is another probe for the same interface.
+
+Once your driver is bound to an interface, disconnect can be
+called at any time except in between pre_reset and post_reset.
+pre_reset is always followed by post_reset, even if the reset
+failed or the device has been unplugged.
+
+suspend is always followed by one of: resume, reset_resume, or
+disconnect.