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Author SHA1 Message Date
Christoph Hellwig
a99583e780 mm: pass the vmem_altmap to memmap_init_zone 
Pass the vmem_altmap two levels down instead of needing a lookup.

Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Signed-off-by: Dan Williams <dan.j.williams@intel.com>
 2018-01-08 11:46:23 -08:00
Dave Young
e8c24773d6 mm: check pfn_valid first in zero_resv_unavail 
With latest kernel I get below bug while testing kdump:

  BUG: unable to handle kernel paging request at ffffea00034b1040
  IP: zero_resv_unavail+0xbd/0x126
  PGD 37b98067 P4D 37b98067 PUD 37b97067 PMD 0
  Oops: 0002 [#1] SMP
  Modules linked in:
  CPU: 0 PID: 0 Comm: swapper Not tainted 4.15.0-rc1+ #316
  Hardware name: LENOVO 20ARS1BJ02/20ARS1BJ02, BIOS GJET92WW (2.42 ) 03/03/2017
  task: ffffffff81a0e4c0 task.stack: ffffffff81a00000
  RIP: 0010:zero_resv_unavail+0xbd/0x126
  RSP: 0000:ffffffff81a03d88 EFLAGS: 00010006
  RAX: 0000000000000000 RBX: ffffea00034b1040 RCX: 0000000000000010
  RDX: 0000000000000000 RSI: 0000000000000092 RDI: ffffea00034b1040
  RBP: 00000000000d2c41 R08: 00000000000000c0 R09: 0000000000000a0d
  R10: 0000000000000002 R11: 0000000000007f01 R12: ffffffff81a03d90
  R13: ffffea0000000000 R14: 0000000000000063 R15: 0000000000000062
  FS:  0000000000000000(0000) GS:ffffffff81c73000(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000
  CS:  0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 0000000080050033
  CR2: ffffea00034b1040 CR3: 0000000037609000 CR4: 00000000000606b0
  Call Trace:
   ? free_area_init_nodes+0x640/0x664
   ? zone_sizes_init+0x58/0x72
   ? setup_arch+0xb50/0xc6c
   ? start_kernel+0x64/0x43d
   ? secondary_startup_64+0xa5/0xb0
  Code: c1 e8 0c 48 39 d8 76 27 48 89 de 48 c1 e3 06 48 c7 c7 7a 87 79 81 e8 b0 c0 3e ff 4c 01 eb b9 10 00 00 00 31 c0 48 89 df 49 ff c6 <f3> ab eb bc 6a 00 49 c7 c0 f0 93 d1 81 31 d2 83 ce ff 41 54 49
  RIP: zero_resv_unavail+0xbd/0x126 RSP: ffffffff81a03d88
  CR2: ffffea00034b1040
  ---[ end trace f5ba9e8f73c7ee26 ]---

This is introduced by commit a4a3ede213 ("mm: zero reserved and
unavailable struct pages").

The reason is some efi reserved boot ranges is not reported in E820 ram.
In my case it is a bgrt buffer:

  efi: mem00: [Boot Data          |RUN|  |  |  |  |  |  |   |WB|WT|WC|UC] range=[0x00000000d2c41000-0x00000000d2c85fff] (0MB)

Use "add_efi_memmap" can workaround the problem with another fix:

  http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20171130052327.GA3500@dhcp-128-65.nay.redhat.com

In zero_resv_unavail it would be better to check pfn_valid first before
zero the page struct.  This fixes the problem and potential other
similar problems.  Also as Pavel Tatashin suggested checks pfn_valid at
the beginning of the section.

The range is backed by real memory.  The memory range is efi "Boot
Service Data", that means after ExitBootServices() these ranges can be
used as system ram.  But some of them need to be reserved, for example
the bgrt image address in an acpi table, if the image memory is freed
then kexec reboot will fail because kexec inherit same acpi table to
initialize the driver.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20171201095048.GA3084@dhcp-128-65.nay.redhat.com
Fixes: a4a3ede213 ("mm: zero reserved and unavailable struct pages")
Signed-off-by: Dave Young <dyoung@redhat.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org>
Cc: Pavel Tatashin <pasha.tatashin@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
 2018-01-04 16:45:09 -08:00
Lucas Stach
c24ad77d96 mm/page_alloc.c: avoid excessive IRQ disabled times in free_unref_page_list() 
Since commit 9cca35d42e ("mm, page_alloc: enable/disable IRQs once
when freeing a list of pages") we see excessive IRQ disabled times of up
to 25ms on an embedded ARM system (tracing overhead included).

This is due to graphics buffers being freed back to the system via
release_pages().  Graphics buffers can be huge, so it's not hard to hit
cases where the list of pages to free has 2048 entries.  Disabling IRQs
while freeing all those pages is clearly not a good idea.

Introduce a batch limit, which allows IRQ servicing once every few
pages.  The batch count is the same as used in other parts of the MM
subsystem when dealing with IRQ disabled regions.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20171207170314.4419-1-l.stach@pengutronix.de
Fixes: 9cca35d42e ("mm, page_alloc: enable/disable IRQs once when freeing a list of pages")
Signed-off-by: Lucas Stach <l.stach@pengutronix.de>
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
 2017-12-14 16:00:48 -08:00
Mike Kravetz
63cd448908 mm/cma: fix alloc_contig_range ret code/potential leak 
If the call __alloc_contig_migrate_range() in alloc_contig_range returns
-EBUSY, processing continues so that test_pages_isolated() is called
where there is a tracepoint to identify the busy pages.  However, it is
possible for busy pages to become available between the calls to these
two routines.  In this case, the range of pages may be allocated.
Unfortunately, the original return code (ret == -EBUSY) is still set and
returned to the caller.  Therefore, the caller believes the pages were
not allocated and they are leaked.

Update the comment to indicate that allocation is still possible even if
__alloc_contig_migrate_range returns -EBUSY.  Also, clear return code in
this case so that it is not accidentally used or returned to caller.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20171122185214.25285-1-mike.kravetz@oracle.com
Fixes: 8ef5849fa8 ("mm/cma: always check which page caused allocation failure")
Signed-off-by: Mike Kravetz <mike.kravetz@oracle.com>
Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Acked-by: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Michal Nazarewicz <mina86@mina86.com>
Cc: Laura Abbott <labbott@redhat.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
 2017-11-29 18:40:42 -08:00
Michal Hocko
4b81cb2ff6 mm, memory_hotplug: do not back off draining pcp free pages from kworker context 
drain_all_pages backs off when called from a kworker context since
commit 0ccce3b924 ("mm, page_alloc: drain per-cpu pages from workqueue
context") because the original IPI based pcp draining has been replaced
by a WQ based one and the check wanted to prevent from recursion and
inter workers dependencies.  This has made some sense at the time
because the system WQ has been used and one worker holding the lock
could be blocked while waiting for new workers to emerge which can be a
problem under OOM conditions.

Since then commit ce612879dd ("mm: move pcp and lru-pcp draining into
single wq") has moved draining to a dedicated (mm_percpu_wq) WQ with a
rescuer so we shouldn't depend on any other WQ activity to make a
forward progress so calling drain_all_pages from a worker context is
safe as long as this doesn't happen from mm_percpu_wq itself which is
not the case because all workers are required to _not_ depend on any MM
locks.

Why is this a problem in the first place? ACPI driven memory hot-remove
(acpi_device_hotplug) is executed from the worker context.  We end up
calling __offline_pages to free all the pages and that requires both
lru_add_drain_all_cpuslocked and drain_all_pages to do their job
otherwise we can have dangling pages on pcp lists and fail the offline
operation (__test_page_isolated_in_pageblock would see a page with 0 ref
count but without PageBuddy set).

Fix the issue by removing the worker check in drain_all_pages.
lru_add_drain_all_cpuslocked doesn't have this restriction so it works
as expected.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170828093341.26341-1-mhocko@kernel.org
Fixes: 0ccce3b924 ("mm, page_alloc: drain per-cpu pages from workqueue context")
Signed-off-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>	[4.11+]
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
 2017-11-29 18:40:42 -08:00
Vlastimil Babka
2583d67132 mm, compaction: split off flag for not updating skip hints 
Pageblock skip hints were added as a heuristic for compaction, which
shares core code with CMA.  Since CMA reliability would suffer from the
heuristics, compact_control flag ignore_skip_hint was added for the CMA
use case.  Since 6815bf3f23 ("mm/compaction: respect ignore_skip_hint
in update_pageblock_skip") the flag also means that CMA won't *update*
the skip hints in addition to ignoring them.

Today, direct compaction can also ignore the skip hints in the last
resort attempt, but there's no reason not to set them when isolation
fails in such case.  Thus, this patch splits off a new no_set_skip_hint
flag to avoid the updating, which only CMA sets.  This should improve
the heuristics a bit, and allow us to simplify the persistent skip bit
handling as the next step.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20171102121706.21504-2-vbabka@suse.cz
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
 2017-11-17 16:10:00 -08:00
Oscar Salvador
0cd842f970 mm: make alloc_node_mem_map a void call if we don't have CONFIG_FLAT_NODE_MEM_MAP 
free_area_init_node() calls alloc_node_mem_map(), but this function does
nothing unless we have CONFIG_FLAT_NODE_MEM_MAP.

As a cleanup, we can move the "#ifdef CONFIG_FLAT_NODE_MEM_MAP" within
alloc_node_mem_map() out of the function, and define a
alloc_node_mem_map() { } when CONFIG_FLAT_NODE_MEM_MAP is not present.

This also moves the printk that lays within the "#ifdef
CONFIG_FLAT_NODE_MEM_MAP" block from free_area_init_node() to
alloc_node_mem_map(), getting rid of the "#ifdef
CONFIG_FLAT_NODE_MEM_MAP" in free_area_init_node().

[akpm@linux-foundation.org: clean up the printk while we're there]
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20171114111935.GA11758@techadventures.net
Signed-off-by: Oscar Salvador <osalvador@techadventures.net>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
 2017-11-15 18:21:07 -08:00
Michal Hocko
0205f75571 mm: simplify nodemask printing 
alloc_warn() and dump_header() have to explicitly handle NULL nodemask
which forces both paths to use pr_cont.  We can do better.  printk
already handles NULL pointers properly so all we need is to teach
nodemask_pr_args to handle NULL nodemask carefully.  This allows
simplification of both alloc_warn() and dump_header() and gets rid of
pr_cont altogether.

This patch has been motivated by patch from Joe Perches

  http://lkml.kernel.org/r/b31236dfe3fc924054fd7842bde678e71d193638.1509991345.git.joe@perches.com

[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix tile warning, per Arnd]
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20171109100531.3cn2hcqnuj7mjaju@dhcp22.suse.cz
Signed-off-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Acked-by: Joe Perches <joe@perches.com>
Cc: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
 2017-11-15 18:21:07 -08:00
Pavel Tatashin
d135e57502 mm/page_alloc.c: broken deferred calculation 
In reset_deferred_meminit() we determine number of pages that must not
be deferred.  We initialize pages for at least 2G of memory, but also
pages for reserved memory in this node.

The reserved memory is determined in this function:
memblock_reserved_memory_within(), which operates over physical
addresses, and returns size in bytes.  However, reset_deferred_meminit()
assumes that that this function operates with pfns, and returns page
count.

The result is that in the best case machine boots slower than expected
due to initializing more pages than needed in single thread, and in the
worst case panics because fewer than needed pages are initialized early.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20171021011707.15191-1-pasha.tatashin@oracle.com
Fixes: 864b9a393d ("mm: consider memblock reservations for deferred memory initialization sizing")
Signed-off-by: Pavel Tatashin <pasha.tatashin@oracle.com>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
 2017-11-15 18:21:07 -08:00
Tetsuo Handa
400e22499d mm: don't warn about allocations which stall for too long 
Commit 63f53dea0c ("mm: warn about allocations which stall for too
long") was a great step for reducing possibility of silent hang up
problem caused by memory allocation stalls.  But this commit reverts it,
for it is possible to trigger OOM lockup and/or soft lockups when many
threads concurrently called warn_alloc() (in order to warn about memory
allocation stalls) due to current implementation of printk(), and it is
difficult to obtain useful information due to limitation of synchronous
warning approach.

Current printk() implementation flushes all pending logs using the
context of a thread which called console_unlock().  printk() should be
able to flush all pending logs eventually unless somebody continues
appending to printk() buffer.

Since warn_alloc() started appending to printk() buffer while waiting
for oom_kill_process() to make forward progress when oom_kill_process()
is processing pending logs, it became possible for warn_alloc() to force
oom_kill_process() loop inside printk().  As a result, warn_alloc()
significantly increased possibility of preventing oom_kill_process()
from making forward progress.

---------- Pseudo code start ----------
Before warn_alloc() was introduced:

  retry:
    if (mutex_trylock(&oom_lock)) {
      while (atomic_read(&printk_pending_logs) > 0) {
        atomic_dec(&printk_pending_logs);
        print_one_log();
      }
      // Send SIGKILL here.
      mutex_unlock(&oom_lock)
    }
    goto retry;

After warn_alloc() was introduced:

  retry:
    if (mutex_trylock(&oom_lock)) {
      while (atomic_read(&printk_pending_logs) > 0) {
        atomic_dec(&printk_pending_logs);
        print_one_log();
      }
      // Send SIGKILL here.
      mutex_unlock(&oom_lock)
    } else if (waited_for_10seconds()) {
      atomic_inc(&printk_pending_logs);
    }
    goto retry;
---------- Pseudo code end ----------

Although waited_for_10seconds() becomes true once per 10 seconds,
unbounded number of threads can call waited_for_10seconds() at the same
time.  Also, since threads doing waited_for_10seconds() keep doing
almost busy loop, the thread doing print_one_log() can use little CPU
resource.  Therefore, this situation can be simplified like

---------- Pseudo code start ----------
  retry:
    if (mutex_trylock(&oom_lock)) {
      while (atomic_read(&printk_pending_logs) > 0) {
        atomic_dec(&printk_pending_logs);
        print_one_log();
      }
      // Send SIGKILL here.
      mutex_unlock(&oom_lock)
    } else {
      atomic_inc(&printk_pending_logs);
    }
    goto retry;
---------- Pseudo code end ----------

when printk() is called faster than print_one_log() can process a log.

One of possible mitigation would be to introduce a new lock in order to
make sure that no other series of printk() (either oom_kill_process() or
warn_alloc()) can append to printk() buffer when one series of printk()
(either oom_kill_process() or warn_alloc()) is already in progress.

Such serialization will also help obtaining kernel messages in readable
form.

---------- Pseudo code start ----------
  retry:
    if (mutex_trylock(&oom_lock)) {
      mutex_lock(&oom_printk_lock);
      while (atomic_read(&printk_pending_logs) > 0) {
        atomic_dec(&printk_pending_logs);
        print_one_log();
      }
      // Send SIGKILL here.
      mutex_unlock(&oom_printk_lock);
      mutex_unlock(&oom_lock)
    } else {
      if (mutex_trylock(&oom_printk_lock)) {
        atomic_inc(&printk_pending_logs);
        mutex_unlock(&oom_printk_lock);
      }
    }
    goto retry;
---------- Pseudo code end ----------

But this commit does not go that direction, for we don't want to
introduce a new lock dependency, and we unlikely be able to obtain
useful information even if we serialized oom_kill_process() and
warn_alloc().

Synchronous approach is prone to unexpected results (e.g.  too late [1],
too frequent [2], overlooked [3]).  As far as I know, warn_alloc() never
helped with providing information other than "something is going wrong".
I want to consider asynchronous approach which can obtain information
during stalls with possibly relevant threads (e.g.  the owner of
oom_lock and kswapd-like threads) and serve as a trigger for actions
(e.g.  turn on/off tracepoints, ask libvirt daemon to take a memory dump
of stalling KVM guest for diagnostic purpose).

This commit temporarily loses ability to report e.g.  OOM lockup due to
unable to invoke the OOM killer due to !__GFP_FS allocation request.
But asynchronous approach will be able to detect such situation and emit
warning.  Thus, let's remove warn_alloc().

[1] https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=192981
[2] http://lkml.kernel.org/r/CAM_iQpWuPVGc2ky8M-9yukECtS+zKjiDasNymX7rMcBjBFyM_A@mail.gmail.com
[3] commit db73ee0d46 ("mm, vmscan: do not loop on too_many_isolated for ever"))

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1509017339-4802-1-git-send-email-penguin-kernel@I-love.SAKURA.ne.jp
Signed-off-by: Tetsuo Handa <penguin-kernel@I-love.SAKURA.ne.jp>
Reported-by: Cong Wang <xiyou.wangcong@gmail.com>
Reported-by: yuwang.yuwang <yuwang.yuwang@alibaba-inc.com>
Reported-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@intel.com>
Cc: Sergey Senozhatsky <sergey.senozhatsky@gmail.com>
Cc: Petr Mladek <pmladek@suse.com>
Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>

Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
 2017-11-15 18:21:07 -08:00
Vlastimil Babka
b050e3769c mm, page_alloc: fix potential false positive in __zone_watermark_ok 
Since commit 97a16fc82a ("mm, page_alloc: only enforce watermarks for
order-0 allocations"), __zone_watermark_ok() check for high-order
allocations will shortcut per-migratetype free list checks for
ALLOC_HARDER allocations, and return true as long as there's free page
of any migratetype.  The intention is that ALLOC_HARDER can allocate
from MIGRATE_HIGHATOMIC free lists, while normal allocations can't.

However, as a side effect, the watermark check will then also return
true when there are pages only on the MIGRATE_ISOLATE list, or (prior to
CMA conversion to ZONE_MOVABLE) on the MIGRATE_CMA list.  Since the
allocation cannot actually obtain isolated pages, and might not be able
to obtain CMA pages, this can result in a false positive.

The condition should be rare and perhaps the outcome is not a fatal one.
Still, it's better if the watermark check is correct.  There also
shouldn't be a performance tradeoff here.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20171102125001.23708-1-vbabka@suse.cz
Fixes: 97a16fc82a ("mm, page_alloc: only enforce watermarks for order-0 allocations")
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
 2017-11-15 18:21:07 -08:00
Kemi Wang
4518085e12 mm, sysctl: make NUMA stats configurable 
This is the second step which introduces a tunable interface that allow
numa stats configurable for optimizing zone_statistics(), as suggested
by Dave Hansen and Ying Huang.

=========================================================================

When page allocation performance becomes a bottleneck and you can
tolerate some possible tool breakage and decreased numa counter
precision, you can do:

	echo 0 > /proc/sys/vm/numa_stat

In this case, numa counter update is ignored.  We can see about
*4.8%*(185->176) drop of cpu cycles per single page allocation and
reclaim on Jesper's page_bench01 (single thread) and *8.1%*(343->315)
drop of cpu cycles per single page allocation and reclaim on Jesper's
page_bench03 (88 threads) running on a 2-Socket Broadwell-based server
(88 threads, 126G memory).

Benchmark link provided by Jesper D Brouer (increase loop times to
10000000):

  https://github.com/netoptimizer/prototype-kernel/tree/master/kernel/mm/bench

=========================================================================

When page allocation performance is not a bottleneck and you want all
tooling to work, you can do:

	echo 1 > /proc/sys/vm/numa_stat

This is system default setting.

Many thanks to Michal Hocko, Dave Hansen, Ying Huang and Vlastimil Babka
for comments to help improve the original patch.

[keescook@chromium.org: make sure mutex is a global static]
  Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20171107213809.GA4314@beast
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1508290927-8518-1-git-send-email-kemi.wang@intel.com
Signed-off-by: Kemi Wang <kemi.wang@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Reported-by: Jesper Dangaard Brouer <brouer@redhat.com>
Suggested-by: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@intel.com>
Suggested-by: Ying Huang <ying.huang@intel.com>
Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: "Luis R . Rodriguez" <mcgrof@kernel.org>
Cc: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Cc: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Christopher Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Sebastian Andrzej Siewior <bigeasy@linutronix.de>
Cc: Andrey Ryabinin <aryabinin@virtuozzo.com>
Cc: Tim Chen <tim.c.chen@intel.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <andi.kleen@intel.com>
Cc: Aaron Lu <aaron.lu@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
 2017-11-15 18:21:07 -08:00
Vlastimil Babka
0fac3ba527 mm, page_alloc: simplify list handling in rmqueue_bulk() 
rmqueue_bulk() fills an empty pcplist with pages from the free list.  It
tries to preserve increasing order by pfn to the caller, because it
leads to better performance with some I/O controllers, as explained in
commit e084b2d95e ("page-allocator: preserve PFN ordering when
__GFP_COLD is set").

To preserve the order, it's sufficient to add pages to the tail of the
list as they are retrieved.  The current code instead adds to the head
of the list, but then updates the list head pointer to the last added
page, in each step.  This does result in the same order, but is
needlessly confusing and potentially wasteful, with no apparent benefit.
This patch simplifies the code and adjusts comment accordingly.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/f6505442-98a9-12e4-b2cd-0fa83874c159@suse.cz
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Dave Chinner <david@fromorbit.com>
Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@intel.com>
Cc: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
 2017-11-15 18:21:06 -08:00
Mel Gorman
453f85d43f mm: remove __GFP_COLD 
As the page free path makes no distinction between cache hot and cold
pages, there is no real useful ordering of pages in the free list that
allocation requests can take advantage of.  Juding from the users of
__GFP_COLD, it is likely that a number of them are the result of copying
other sites instead of actually measuring the impact.  Remove the
__GFP_COLD parameter which simplifies a number of paths in the page
allocator.

This is potentially controversial but bear in mind that the size of the
per-cpu pagelists versus modern cache sizes means that the whole per-cpu
list can often fit in the L3 cache.  Hence, there is only a potential
benefit for microbenchmarks that alloc/free pages in a tight loop.  It's
even worse when THP is taken into account which has little or no chance
of getting a cache-hot page as the per-cpu list is bypassed and the
zeroing of multiple pages will thrash the cache anyway.

The truncate microbenchmarks are not shown as this patch affects the
allocation path and not the free path.  A page fault microbenchmark was
tested but it showed no sigificant difference which is not surprising
given that the __GFP_COLD branches are a miniscule percentage of the
fault path.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20171018075952.10627-9-mgorman@techsingularity.net
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Dave Chinner <david@fromorbit.com>
Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@intel.com>
Cc: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
 2017-11-15 18:21:06 -08:00
Mel Gorman
2d4894b5d2 mm: remove cold parameter from free_hot_cold_page* 
Most callers users of free_hot_cold_page claim the pages being released
are cache hot.  The exception is the page reclaim paths where it is
likely that enough pages will be freed in the near future that the
per-cpu lists are going to be recycled and the cache hotness information
is lost.  As no one really cares about the hotness of pages being
released to the allocator, just ditch the parameter.

The APIs are renamed to indicate that it's no longer about hot/cold
pages.  It should also be less confusing as there are subtle differences
between them.  __free_pages drops a reference and frees a page when the
refcount reaches zero.  free_hot_cold_page handled pages whose refcount
was already zero which is non-obvious from the name.  free_unref_page
should be more obvious.

No performance impact is expected as the overhead is marginal.  The
parameter is removed simply because it is a bit stupid to have a useless
parameter copied everywhere.

[mgorman@techsingularity.net: add pages to head, not tail]
  Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20171019154321.qtpzaeftoyyw4iey@techsingularity.net
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20171018075952.10627-8-mgorman@techsingularity.net
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Dave Chinner <david@fromorbit.com>
Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@intel.com>
Cc: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
 2017-11-15 18:21:06 -08:00
Mel Gorman
9cca35d42e mm, page_alloc: enable/disable IRQs once when freeing a list of pages 
Patch series "Follow-up for speed up page cache truncation", v2.

This series is a follow-on for Jan Kara's series "Speed up page cache
truncation" series.  We both ended up looking at the same problem but
saw different problems based on the same data.  This series builds upon
his work.

A variety of workloads were compared on four separate machines but each
machine showed gains albeit at different levels.  Minimally, some of the
differences are due to NUMA where truncating data from a remote node is
slower than a local node.  The workloads checked were

o sparse truncate microbenchmark, tiny
o sparse truncate microbenchmark, large
o reaim-io disk workfile
o dbench4 (modified by mmtests to produce more stable results)
o filebench varmail configuration for small memory size
o bonnie, directory operations, working set size 2*RAM

reaim-io, dbench and filebench all showed minor gains.  Truncation does
not dominate those workloads but were tested to ensure no other
regressions.  They will not be reported further.

The sparse truncate microbench was written by Jan.  It creates a number
of files and then times how long it takes to truncate each one.  The
"tiny" configuraiton creates a number of files that easily fits in
memory and times how long it takes to truncate files with page cache.
The large configuration uses enough files to have data that is twice the
size of memory and so timings there include truncating page cache and
working set shadow entries in the radix tree.

Patches 1-4 are the most relevant parts of this series.  Patches 5-8 are
optional as they are deleting code that is essentially useless but has a
negligible performance impact.

The changelogs have more information on performance but just for bonnie
delete options, the main comparison is

bonnie
                                      4.14.0-rc5             4.14.0-rc5             4.14.0-rc5
                                          jan-v2                vanilla                 mel-v2
Hmean     SeqCreate ops         76.20 (   0.00%)       75.80 (  -0.53%)       76.80 (   0.79%)
Hmean     SeqCreate read        85.00 (   0.00%)       85.00 (   0.00%)       85.00 (   0.00%)
Hmean     SeqCreate del      13752.31 (   0.00%)    12090.23 ( -12.09%)    15304.84 (  11.29%)
Hmean     RandCreate ops        76.00 (   0.00%)       75.60 (  -0.53%)       77.00 (   1.32%)
Hmean     RandCreate read       96.80 (   0.00%)       96.80 (   0.00%)       97.00 (   0.21%)
Hmean     RandCreate del     13233.75 (   0.00%)    11525.35 ( -12.91%)    14446.61 (   9.16%)

Jan's series is the baseline and the vanilla kernel is 12% slower where
as this series on top gains another 11%.  This is from a different
machine than the data in the changelogs but the detailed data was not
collected as there was no substantial change in v2.

This patch (of 8):

Freeing a list of pages current enables/disables IRQs for each page
freed.  This patch splits freeing a list of pages into two operations --
preparing the pages for freeing and the actual freeing.  This is a
tradeoff - we're taking two passes of the list to free in exchange for
avoiding multiple enable/disable of IRQs.

sparsetruncate (tiny)
                              4.14.0-rc4             4.14.0-rc4
                           janbatch-v1r1            oneirq-v1r1
Min          Time      149.00 (   0.00%)      141.00 (   5.37%)
1st-qrtle    Time      150.00 (   0.00%)      142.00 (   5.33%)
2nd-qrtle    Time      151.00 (   0.00%)      142.00 (   5.96%)
3rd-qrtle    Time      151.00 (   0.00%)      143.00 (   5.30%)
Max-90%      Time      153.00 (   0.00%)      144.00 (   5.88%)
Max-95%      Time      155.00 (   0.00%)      147.00 (   5.16%)
Max-99%      Time      201.00 (   0.00%)      195.00 (   2.99%)
Max          Time      236.00 (   0.00%)      230.00 (   2.54%)
Amean        Time      152.65 (   0.00%)      144.37 (   5.43%)
Stddev       Time        9.78 (   0.00%)       10.44 (  -6.72%)
Coeff        Time        6.41 (   0.00%)        7.23 ( -12.84%)
Best99%Amean Time      152.07 (   0.00%)      143.72 (   5.50%)
Best95%Amean Time      150.75 (   0.00%)      142.37 (   5.56%)
Best90%Amean Time      150.59 (   0.00%)      142.19 (   5.58%)
Best75%Amean Time      150.36 (   0.00%)      141.92 (   5.61%)
Best50%Amean Time      150.04 (   0.00%)      141.69 (   5.56%)
Best25%Amean Time      149.85 (   0.00%)      141.38 (   5.65%)

With a tiny number of files, each file truncated has resident page cache
and it shows that time to truncate is roughtly 5-6% with some minor
jitter.

                                      4.14.0-rc4             4.14.0-rc4
                                   janbatch-v1r1            oneirq-v1r1
Hmean     SeqCreate ops         65.27 (   0.00%)       81.86 (  25.43%)
Hmean     SeqCreate read        39.48 (   0.00%)       47.44 (  20.16%)
Hmean     SeqCreate del      24963.95 (   0.00%)    26319.99 (   5.43%)
Hmean     RandCreate ops        65.47 (   0.00%)       82.01 (  25.26%)
Hmean     RandCreate read       42.04 (   0.00%)       51.75 (  23.09%)
Hmean     RandCreate del     23377.66 (   0.00%)    23764.79 (   1.66%)

As expected, there is a small gain for the delete operation.

[mgorman@techsingularity.net: use page_private and set_page_private helpers]
  Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20171018101547.mjycw7zreb66jzpa@techsingularity.net
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20171018075952.10627-2-mgorman@techsingularity.net
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@intel.com>
Cc: Dave Chinner <david@fromorbit.com>
Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
 2017-11-15 18:21:06 -08:00
Aaron Lu
85ccc8fa81 mm/page_alloc: make sure __rmqueue() etc are always inline 
__rmqueue(), __rmqueue_fallback(), __rmqueue_smallest() and
__rmqueue_cma_fallback() are all in page allocator's hot path and better
be finished as soon as possible.  One way to make them faster is by making
them inline.  But as Andrew Morton and Andi Kleen pointed out:

  https://lkml.org/lkml/2017/10/10/1252
  https://lkml.org/lkml/2017/10/10/1279

To make sure they are inlined, we should use __always_inline for them.

With the will-it-scale/page_fault1/process benchmark, when using nr_cpu
processes to stress buddy, the results for will-it-scale.processes with
and without the patch are:

On a 2-sockets Intel-Skylake machine:

   compiler          base        head
  gcc-4.4.7       6496131     6911823 +6.4%
  gcc-4.9.4       7225110     7731072 +7.0%
  gcc-5.4.1       7054224     7688146 +9.0%
  gcc-6.2.0       7059794     7651675 +8.4%

On a 4-sockets Intel-Skylake machine:

   compiler          base        head
  gcc-4.4.7      13162890    13508193 +2.6%
  gcc-4.9.4      14997463    15484353 +3.2%
  gcc-5.4.1      14708711    15449805 +5.0%
  gcc-6.2.0      14574099    15349204 +5.3%

The above 4 compilers are used because I've done the tests through
Intel's Linux Kernel Performance(LKP) infrastructure and they are the
available compilers there.

The benefit being less on 4 sockets machine is due to the lock
contention there(perf-profile/native_queued_spin_lock_slowpath=81%) is
less severe than on the 2 sockets machine(85%).

What the benchmark does is: it forks nr_cpu processes and then each
process does the following:
    1 mmap() 128M anonymous space;
    2 writes to each page there to trigger actual page allocation;
    3 munmap() it.
in a loop.

  https://github.com/antonblanchard/will-it-scale/blob/master/tests/page_fault1.c

Binary size wise, I have locally built them with different compilers:

[aaron@aaronlu obj]$ size */*/mm/page_alloc.o
   text    data     bss     dec     hex filename
  37409    9904    8524   55837    da1d gcc-4.9.4/base/mm/page_alloc.o
  38273    9904    8524   56701    dd7d gcc-4.9.4/head/mm/page_alloc.o
  37465    9840    8428   55733    d9b5 gcc-5.5.0/base/mm/page_alloc.o
  38169    9840    8428   56437    dc75 gcc-5.5.0/head/mm/page_alloc.o
  37573    9840    8428   55841    da21 gcc-6.4.0/base/mm/page_alloc.o
  38261    9840    8428   56529    dcd1 gcc-6.4.0/head/mm/page_alloc.o
  36863    9840    8428   55131    d75b gcc-7.2.0/base/mm/page_alloc.o
  37711    9840    8428   55979    daab gcc-7.2.0/head/mm/page_alloc.o

Text size increased about 800 bytes for mm/page_alloc.o.

[aaron@aaronlu obj]$ size */*/vmlinux
   text    data     bss     dec       hex     filename
10342757   5903208 17723392 33969357  20654cd gcc-4.9.4/base/vmlinux
10342757   5903208 17723392 33969357  20654cd gcc-4.9.4/head/vmlinux
10332448   5836608 17715200 33884256  2050860 gcc-5.5.0/base/vmlinux
10332448   5836608 17715200 33884256  2050860 gcc-5.5.0/head/vmlinux
10094546   5836696 17715200 33646442  201676a gcc-6.4.0/base/vmlinux
10094546   5836696 17715200 33646442  201676a gcc-6.4.0/head/vmlinux
10018775   5828732 17715200 33562707  2002053 gcc-7.2.0/base/vmlinux
10018775   5828732 17715200 33562707  2002053 gcc-7.2.0/head/vmlinux

Text size for vmlinux has no change though, probably due to function
alignment.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20171013063111.GA26032@intel.com
Signed-off-by: Aaron Lu <aaron.lu@intel.com>
Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@intel.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <andi@firstfloor.org>
Cc: Huang Ying <ying.huang@intel.com>
Cc: Tim Chen <tim.c.chen@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Kemi Wang <kemi.wang@intel.com>
Cc: Anshuman Khandual <khandual@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
 2017-11-15 18:21:05 -08:00
Pavel Tatashin
f7f99100d8 mm: stop zeroing memory during allocation in vmemmap 
vmemmap_alloc_block() will no longer zero the block, so zero memory at
its call sites for everything except struct pages.  Struct page memory
is zero'd by struct page initialization.

Replace allocators in sparse-vmemmap to use the non-zeroing version.
So, we will get the performance improvement by zeroing the memory in
parallel when struct pages are zeroed.

Add struct page zeroing as a part of initialization of other fields in
__init_single_page().

This single thread performance collected on: Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E7-8895
v3 @ 2.60GHz with 1T of memory (268400646 pages in 8 nodes):

                         BASE            FIX
sparse_init     11.244671836s   0.007199623s
zone_sizes_init  4.879775891s   8.355182299s
                  --------------------------
Total           16.124447727s   8.362381922s

sparse_init is where memory for struct pages is zeroed, and the zeroing
part is moved later in this patch into __init_single_page(), which is
called from zone_sizes_init().

[akpm@linux-foundation.org: make vmemmap_alloc_block_zero() private to sparse-vmemmap.c]
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20171013173214.27300-10-pasha.tatashin@oracle.com
Signed-off-by: Pavel Tatashin <pasha.tatashin@oracle.com>
Reviewed-by: Steven Sistare <steven.sistare@oracle.com>
Reviewed-by: Daniel Jordan <daniel.m.jordan@oracle.com>
Reviewed-by: Bob Picco <bob.picco@oracle.com>
Tested-by: Bob Picco <bob.picco@oracle.com>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Alexander Potapenko <glider@google.com>
Cc: Andrey Ryabinin <aryabinin@virtuozzo.com>
Cc: Ard Biesheuvel <ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org>
Cc: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
Cc: Christian Borntraeger <borntraeger@de.ibm.com>
Cc: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Cc: Dmitry Vyukov <dvyukov@google.com>
Cc: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com>
Cc: Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@arm.com>
Cc: Matthew Wilcox <willy@infradead.org>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org>
Cc: Sam Ravnborg <sam@ravnborg.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Will Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
 2017-11-15 18:21:05 -08:00
Pavel Tatashin
a4a3ede213 mm: zero reserved and unavailable struct pages 
Some memory is reserved but unavailable: not present in memblock.memory
(because not backed by physical pages), but present in memblock.reserved.
Such memory has backing struct pages, but they are not initialized by
going through __init_single_page().

In some cases these struct pages are accessed even if they do not
contain any data.  One example is page_to_pfn() might access page->flags
if this is where section information is stored (CONFIG_SPARSEMEM,
SECTION_IN_PAGE_FLAGS).

One example of such memory: trim_low_memory_range() unconditionally
reserves from pfn 0, but e820__memblock_setup() might provide the
exiting memory from pfn 1 (i.e.  KVM).

Since struct pages are zeroed in __init_single_page(), and not during
allocation time, we must zero such struct pages explicitly.

The patch involves adding a new memblock iterator:
	for_each_resv_unavail_range(i, p_start, p_end)

Which iterates through reserved && !memory lists, and we zero struct pages
explicitly by calling mm_zero_struct_page().

===

Here is more detailed example of problem that this patch is addressing:

Run tested on qemu with the following arguments:

	-enable-kvm -cpu kvm64 -m 512 -smp 2

This patch reports that there are 98 unavailable pages.

They are: pfn 0 and pfns in range [159, 255].

Note, trim_low_memory_range() reserves only pfns in range [0, 15], it does
not reserve [159, 255] ones.

e820__memblock_setup() reports linux that the following physical ranges are
available:
    [1 , 158]
[256, 130783]

Notice, that exactly unavailable pfns are missing!

Now, lets check what we have in zone 0: [1, 131039]

pfn 0, is not part of the zone, but pfns [1, 158], are.

However, the bigger problem we have if we do not initialize these struct
pages is with memory hotplug.  Because, that path operates at 2M
boundaries (section_nr).  And checks if 2M range of pages is hot
removable.  It starts with first pfn from zone, rounds it down to 2M
boundary (sturct pages are allocated at 2M boundaries when vmemmap is
created), and checks if that section is hot removable.  In this case
start with pfn 1 and convert it down to pfn 0.  Later pfn is converted
to struct page, and some fields are checked.  Now, if we do not zero
struct pages, we get unpredictable results.

In fact when CONFIG_VM_DEBUG is enabled, and we explicitly set all
vmemmap memory to ones, the following panic is observed with kernel test
without this patch applied:

  BUG: unable to handle kernel NULL pointer dereference at          (null)
  IP: is_pageblock_removable_nolock+0x35/0x90
  PGD 0 P4D 0
  Oops: 0000 [#1] PREEMPT
  ...
  task: ffff88001f4e2900 task.stack: ffffc90000314000
  RIP: 0010:is_pageblock_removable_nolock+0x35/0x90
  Call Trace:
   ? is_mem_section_removable+0x5a/0xd0
   show_mem_removable+0x6b/0xa0
   dev_attr_show+0x1b/0x50
   sysfs_kf_seq_show+0xa1/0x100
   kernfs_seq_show+0x22/0x30
   seq_read+0x1ac/0x3a0
   kernfs_fop_read+0x36/0x190
   ? security_file_permission+0x90/0xb0
   __vfs_read+0x16/0x30
   vfs_read+0x81/0x130
   SyS_read+0x44/0xa0
   entry_SYSCALL_64_fastpath+0x1f/0xbd

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20171013173214.27300-7-pasha.tatashin@oracle.com
Signed-off-by: Pavel Tatashin <pasha.tatashin@oracle.com>
Reviewed-by: Steven Sistare <steven.sistare@oracle.com>
Reviewed-by: Daniel Jordan <daniel.m.jordan@oracle.com>
Reviewed-by: Bob Picco <bob.picco@oracle.com>
Tested-by: Bob Picco <bob.picco@oracle.com>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Alexander Potapenko <glider@google.com>
Cc: Andrey Ryabinin <aryabinin@virtuozzo.com>
Cc: Ard Biesheuvel <ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org>
Cc: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
Cc: Christian Borntraeger <borntraeger@de.ibm.com>
Cc: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Cc: Dmitry Vyukov <dvyukov@google.com>
Cc: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com>
Cc: Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@arm.com>
Cc: Matthew Wilcox <willy@infradead.org>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org>
Cc: Sam Ravnborg <sam@ravnborg.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Will Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
 2017-11-15 18:21:05 -08:00
Pavel Tatashin
ea1f5f3712 mm: define memblock_virt_alloc_try_nid_raw 
* A new variant of memblock_virt_alloc_* allocations:
memblock_virt_alloc_try_nid_raw()
    - Does not zero the allocated memory
    - Does not panic if request cannot be satisfied

* optimize early system hash allocations

Clients can call alloc_large_system_hash() with flag: HASH_ZERO to
specify that memory that was allocated for system hash needs to be
zeroed, otherwise the memory does not need to be zeroed, and client will
initialize it.

If memory does not need to be zero'd, call the new
memblock_virt_alloc_raw() interface, and thus improve the boot
performance.

* debug for raw alloctor

When CONFIG_DEBUG_VM is enabled, this patch sets all the memory that is
returned by memblock_virt_alloc_try_nid_raw() to ones to ensure that no
places excpect zeroed memory.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20171013173214.27300-6-pasha.tatashin@oracle.com
Signed-off-by: Pavel Tatashin <pasha.tatashin@oracle.com>
Reviewed-by: Steven Sistare <steven.sistare@oracle.com>
Reviewed-by: Daniel Jordan <daniel.m.jordan@oracle.com>
Reviewed-by: Bob Picco <bob.picco@oracle.com>
Tested-by: Bob Picco <bob.picco@oracle.com>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Alexander Potapenko <glider@google.com>
Cc: Andrey Ryabinin <aryabinin@virtuozzo.com>
Cc: Ard Biesheuvel <ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org>
Cc: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
Cc: Christian Borntraeger <borntraeger@de.ibm.com>
Cc: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Cc: Dmitry Vyukov <dvyukov@google.com>
Cc: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com>
Cc: Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@arm.com>
Cc: Matthew Wilcox <willy@infradead.org>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org>
Cc: Sam Ravnborg <sam@ravnborg.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Will Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
 2017-11-15 18:21:05 -08:00
Pavel Tatashin
2f47a91f4d mm: deferred_init_memmap improvements 
Patch series "complete deferred page initialization", v12.

SMP machines can benefit from the DEFERRED_STRUCT_PAGE_INIT config
option, which defers initializing struct pages until all cpus have been
started so it can be done in parallel.

However, this feature is sub-optimal, because the deferred page
initialization code expects that the struct pages have already been
zeroed, and the zeroing is done early in boot with a single thread only.
Also, we access that memory and set flags before struct pages are
initialized.  All of this is fixed in this patchset.

In this work we do the following:
 - Never read access struct page until it was initialized
 - Never set any fields in struct pages before they are initialized
 - Zero struct page at the beginning of struct page initialization

==========================================================================
Performance improvements on x86 machine with 8 nodes:
Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E7-8895 v3 @ 2.60GHz and 1T of memory:
                        TIME          SPEED UP
base no deferred:       95.796233s
fix no deferred:        79.978956s    19.77%

base deferred:          77.254713s
fix deferred:           55.050509s    40.34%
==========================================================================
SPARC M6 3600 MHz with 15T of memory
                        TIME          SPEED UP
base no deferred:       358.335727s
fix no deferred:        302.320936s   18.52%

base deferred:          237.534603s
fix deferred:           182.103003s   30.44%
==========================================================================
Raw dmesg output with timestamps:
x86 base no deferred:    https://hastebin.com/ofunepurit.scala
x86 base deferred:       https://hastebin.com/ifazegeyas.scala
x86 fix no deferred:     https://hastebin.com/pegocohevo.scala
x86 fix deferred:        https://hastebin.com/ofupevikuk.scala
sparc base no deferred:  https://hastebin.com/ibobeteken.go
sparc base deferred:     https://hastebin.com/fariqimiyu.go
sparc fix no deferred:   https://hastebin.com/muhegoheyi.go
sparc fix deferred:      https://hastebin.com/xadinobutu.go

This patch (of 11):

deferred_init_memmap() is called when struct pages are initialized later
in boot by slave CPUs.  This patch simplifies and optimizes this
function, and also fixes a couple issues (described below).

The main change is that now we are iterating through free memblock areas
instead of all configured memory.  Thus, we do not have to check if the
struct page has already been initialized.

=====
In deferred_init_memmap() where all deferred struct pages are
initialized we have a check like this:

  if (page->flags) {
	VM_BUG_ON(page_zone(page) != zone);
	goto free_range;
  }

This way we are checking if the current deferred page has already been
initialized.  It works, because memory for struct pages has been zeroed,
and the only way flags are not zero if it went through
__init_single_page() before.  But, once we change the current behavior
and won't zero the memory in memblock allocator, we cannot trust
anything inside "struct page"es until they are initialized.  This patch
fixes this.

The deferred_init_memmap() is re-written to loop through only free
memory ranges provided by memblock.

Note, this first issue is relevant only when the following change is
merged:

=====
This patch fixes another existing issue on systems that have holes in
zones i.e CONFIG_HOLES_IN_ZONE is defined.

In for_each_mem_pfn_range() we have code like this:

  if (!pfn_valid_within(pfn)
	goto free_range;

Note: 'page' is not set to NULL and is not incremented but 'pfn'
advances.  Thus means if deferred struct pages are enabled on systems
with these kind of holes, linux would get memory corruptions.  I have
fixed this issue by defining a new macro that performs all the necessary
operations when we free the current set of pages.

[pasha.tatashin@oracle.com: buddy page accessed before initialized]
  Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20171102170221.7401-2-pasha.tatashin@oracle.com
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20171013173214.27300-2-pasha.tatashin@oracle.com
Signed-off-by: Pavel Tatashin <pasha.tatashin@oracle.com>
Reviewed-by: Steven Sistare <steven.sistare@oracle.com>
Reviewed-by: Daniel Jordan <daniel.m.jordan@oracle.com>
Reviewed-by: Bob Picco <bob.picco@oracle.com>
Tested-by: Bob Picco <bob.picco@oracle.com>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Christian Borntraeger <borntraeger@de.ibm.com>
Cc: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Cc: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Cc: Matthew Wilcox <willy@infradead.org>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org>
Cc: Ard Biesheuvel <ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org>
Cc: Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@arm.com>
Cc: Will Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com>
Cc: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
Cc: Sam Ravnborg <sam@ravnborg.org>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: Alexander Potapenko <glider@google.com>
Cc: Andrey Ryabinin <aryabinin@virtuozzo.com>
Cc: Dmitry Vyukov <dvyukov@google.com>
Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
 2017-11-15 18:21:05 -08:00
Levin, Alexander (Sasha Levin)
4950276672 kmemcheck: remove annotations 
Patch series "kmemcheck: kill kmemcheck", v2.

As discussed at LSF/MM, kill kmemcheck.

KASan is a replacement that is able to work without the limitation of
kmemcheck (single CPU, slow).  KASan is already upstream.

We are also not aware of any users of kmemcheck (or users who don't
consider KASan as a suitable replacement).

The only objection was that since KASAN wasn't supported by all GCC
versions provided by distros at that time we should hold off for 2
years, and try again.

Now that 2 years have passed, and all distros provide gcc that supports
KASAN, kill kmemcheck again for the very same reasons.

This patch (of 4):

Remove kmemcheck annotations, and calls to kmemcheck from the kernel.

[alexander.levin@verizon.com: correctly remove kmemcheck call from dma_map_sg_attrs]
  Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20171012192151.26531-1-alexander.levin@verizon.com
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20171007030159.22241-2-alexander.levin@verizon.com
Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <alexander.levin@verizon.com>
Cc: Alexander Potapenko <glider@google.com>
Cc: Eric W. Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org>
Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Cc: Tim Hansen <devtimhansen@gmail.com>
Cc: Vegard Nossum <vegardno@ifi.uio.no>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
 2017-11-15 18:21:04 -08:00
Michal Hocko
d7ab3672c3 mm, page_alloc: fail has_unmovable_pages when seeing reserved pages 
Reserved pages should be completely ignored by the core mm because they
have a special meaning for their owners.  has_unmovable_pages doesn't
check those so we rely on other tests (reference count, or PageLRU) to
fail on such pages.  Althought this happens to work it is safer to
simply check for those explicitly and do not rely on the owner of the
page to abuse those fields for special purposes.

Please note that this is more of a further fortification of the code
rahter than a fix of an existing issue.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20171013120756.jeopthigbmm3c7bl@dhcp22.suse.cz
Signed-off-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Igor Mammedov <imammedo@redhat.com>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au>
Cc: Reza Arbab <arbab@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Vitaly Kuznetsov <vkuznets@redhat.com>
Cc: Xishi Qiu <qiuxishi@huawei.com>
Cc: Yasuaki Ishimatsu <yasu.isimatu@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
 2017-11-15 18:21:02 -08:00
Michal Hocko
4da2ce250f mm: distinguish CMA and MOVABLE isolation in has_unmovable_pages() 
Joonsoo has noticed that "mm: drop migrate type checks from
has_unmovable_pages" would break CMA allocator because it relies on
has_unmovable_pages returning false even for CMA pageblocks which in
fact don't have to be movable:

 alloc_contig_range
   start_isolate_page_range
     set_migratetype_isolate
       has_unmovable_pages

This is a result of the code sharing between CMA and memory hotplug
while each one has a different idea of what has_unmovable_pages should
return.  This is unfortunate but fixing it properly would require a lot
of code duplication.

Fix the issue by introducing the requested migrate type argument and
special case MIGRATE_CMA case where CMA page blocks are handled
properly.  This will work for memory hotplug because it requires
MIGRATE_MOVABLE.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20171019122118.y6cndierwl2vnguj@dhcp22.suse.cz
Signed-off-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Reported-by: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Tested-by: Stefan Wahren <stefan.wahren@i2se.com>
Tested-by: Ran Wang <ran.wang_1@nxp.com>
Cc: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au>
Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Igor Mammedov <imammedo@redhat.com>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Reza Arbab <arbab@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Vitaly Kuznetsov <vkuznets@redhat.com>
Cc: Xishi Qiu <qiuxishi@huawei.com>
Cc: Yasuaki Ishimatsu <yasu.isimatu@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
 2017-11-15 18:21:02 -08:00
Michal Hocko
d7b236e10c mm: drop migrate type checks from has_unmovable_pages 
Michael has noticed that the memory offline tries to migrate kernel code
pages when doing

 echo 0 > /sys/devices/system/memory/memory0/online

The current implementation will fail the operation after several failed
page migration attempts but we shouldn't even attempt to migrate that
memory and fail right away because this memory is clearly not
migrateable.  This will become a real problem when we drop the retry
loop counter resp.  timeout.

The real problem is in has_unmovable_pages in fact.  We should fail if
there are any non migrateable pages in the area.  In orther to guarantee
that remove the migrate type checks because MIGRATE_MOVABLE is not
guaranteed to contain only migrateable pages.  It is merely a heuristic.
Similarly MIGRATE_CMA does guarantee that the page allocator doesn't
allocate any non-migrateable pages from the block but CMA allocations
themselves are unlikely to migrateable.  Therefore remove both checks.

[akpm@linux-foundation.org: remove unused local `mt']
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20171013120013.698-1-mhocko@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Reported-by: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au>
Tested-by: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au>
Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Tested-by: Tony Lindgren <tony@atomide.com>
Tested-by: Ran Wang <ran.wang_1@nxp.com>
Cc: Igor Mammedov <imammedo@redhat.com>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Reza Arbab <arbab@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Vitaly Kuznetsov <vkuznets@redhat.com>
Cc: Xishi Qiu <qiuxishi@huawei.com>
Cc: Yasuaki Ishimatsu <yasu.isimatu@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
 2017-11-15 18:21:02 -08:00
Michal Hocko
9b6e63cbf8 mm, page_alloc: add scheduling point to memmap_init_zone 
memmap_init_zone gets a pfn range to initialize and it can be really
large resulting in a soft lockup on non-preemptible kernels

  NMI watchdog: BUG: soft lockup - CPU#31 stuck for 23s! [kworker/u642:5:1720]
  [...]
  task: ffff88ecd7e902c0 ti: ffff88eca4e50000 task.ti: ffff88eca4e50000
  RIP: move_pfn_range_to_zone+0x185/0x1d0
  [...]
  Call Trace:
    devm_memremap_pages+0x2c7/0x430
    pmem_attach_disk+0x2fd/0x3f0 [nd_pmem]
    nvdimm_bus_probe+0x64/0x110 [libnvdimm]
    driver_probe_device+0x1f7/0x420
    bus_for_each_drv+0x52/0x80
    __device_attach+0xb0/0x130
    bus_probe_device+0x87/0xa0
    device_add+0x3fc/0x5f0
    nd_async_device_register+0xe/0x40 [libnvdimm]
    async_run_entry_fn+0x43/0x150
    process_one_work+0x14e/0x410
    worker_thread+0x116/0x490
    kthread+0xc7/0xe0
    ret_from_fork+0x3f/0x70

Fix this by adding a scheduling point once per page block.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170918121410.24466-3-mhocko@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Reported-by: Johannes Thumshirn <jthumshirn@suse.de>
Tested-by: Johannes Thumshirn <jthumshirn@suse.de>
Cc: Dan Williams <dan.j.williams@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
 2017-10-03 17:54:25 -07:00
Arnd Bergmann
57148a64e8 mm: meminit: mark init_reserved_page as __meminit 
The function is called from __meminit context and calls other __meminit
functions but isn't it self mark as such today:

  WARNING: vmlinux.o(.text.unlikely+0x4516): Section mismatch in reference from the function init_reserved_page() to the function .meminit.text:early_pfn_to_nid()
  The function init_reserved_page() references the function __meminit early_pfn_to_nid().
  This is often because init_reserved_page lacks a __meminit annotation or the annotation of early_pfn_to_nid is wrong.

On most compilers, we don't notice this because the function gets
inlined all the time.  Adding __meminit here fixes the harmless warning
for the old versions and is generally the correct annotation.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170915193149.901180-1-arnd@arndb.de
Fixes: 7e18adb4f8 ("mm: meminit: initialise remaining struct pages in parallel with kswapd")
Signed-off-by: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
 2017-10-03 17:54:24 -07:00
Tetsuo Handa
f19360f015 mm/page_alloc.c: apply gfp_allowed_mask before the first allocation attempt 
We are by error initializing alloc_flags before gfp_allowed_mask is
applied.  This could cause problems after pm_restrict_gfp_mask() is called
during suspend operation.  Apply gfp_allowed_mask before initializing
alloc_flags so that the first allocation attempt uses correct flags.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/201709020016.ADJ21342.OFLJHOOSMFVtFQ@I-love.SAKURA.ne.jp
Fixes: 83d4ca8148 ("mm, page_alloc: move __GFP_HARDWALL modifications out of the fastpath")
Signed-off-by: Tetsuo Handa <penguin-kernel@I-love.SAKURA.ne.jp>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: Jesper Dangaard Brouer <brouer@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
 2017-09-08 18:26:47 -07:00
Kemi Wang
3a321d2a3d mm: change the call sites of numa statistics items 
Patch series "Separate NUMA statistics from zone statistics", v2.

Each page allocation updates a set of per-zone statistics with a call to
zone_statistics().  As discussed in 2017 MM summit, these are a
substantial source of overhead in the page allocator and are very rarely
consumed.  This significant overhead in cache bouncing caused by zone
counters (NUMA associated counters) update in parallel in multi-threaded
page allocation (pointed out by Dave Hansen).

A link to the MM summit slides:
  http://people.netfilter.org/hawk/presentations/MM-summit2017/MM-summit2017-JesperBrouer.pdf

To mitigate this overhead, this patchset separates NUMA statistics from
zone statistics framework, and update NUMA counter threshold to a fixed
size of MAX_U16 - 2, as a small threshold greatly increases the update
frequency of the global counter from local per cpu counter (suggested by
Ying Huang).  The rationality is that these statistics counters don't
need to be read often, unlike other VM counters, so it's not a problem
to use a large threshold and make readers more expensive.

With this patchset, we see 31.3% drop of CPU cycles(537-->369, see
below) for per single page allocation and reclaim on Jesper's
page_bench03 benchmark.  Meanwhile, this patchset keeps the same style
of virtual memory statistics with little end-user-visible effects (only
move the numa stats to show behind zone page stats, see the first patch
for details).

I did an experiment of single page allocation and reclaim concurrently
using Jesper's page_bench03 benchmark on a 2-Socket Broadwell-based
server (88 processors with 126G memory) with different size of threshold
of pcp counter.

Benchmark provided by Jesper D Brouer(increase loop times to 10000000):
  https://github.com/netoptimizer/prototype-kernel/tree/master/kernel/mm/bench

   Threshold   CPU cycles    Throughput(88 threads)
      32        799         241760478
      64        640         301628829
      125       537         358906028 <==> system by default
      256       468         412397590
      512       428         450550704
      4096      399         482520943
      20000     394         489009617
      30000     395         488017817
      65533     369(-31.3%) 521661345(+45.3%) <==> with this patchset
      N/A       342(-36.3%) 562900157(+56.8%) <==> disable zone_statistics

This patch (of 3):

In this patch, NUMA statistics is separated from zone statistics
framework, all the call sites of NUMA stats are changed to use
numa-stats-specific functions, it does not have any functionality change
except that the number of NUMA stats is shown behind zone page stats
when users *read* the zone info.

E.g. cat /proc/zoneinfo
    ***Base***                           ***With this patch***
nr_free_pages 3976                         nr_free_pages 3976
nr_zone_inactive_anon 0                    nr_zone_inactive_anon 0
nr_zone_active_anon 0                      nr_zone_active_anon 0
nr_zone_inactive_file 0                    nr_zone_inactive_file 0
nr_zone_active_file 0                      nr_zone_active_file 0
nr_zone_unevictable 0                      nr_zone_unevictable 0
nr_zone_write_pending 0                    nr_zone_write_pending 0
nr_mlock     0                             nr_mlock     0
nr_page_table_pages 0                      nr_page_table_pages 0
nr_kernel_stack 0                          nr_kernel_stack 0
nr_bounce    0                             nr_bounce    0
nr_zspages   0                             nr_zspages   0
numa_hit 0                                *nr_free_cma  0*
numa_miss 0                                numa_hit     0
numa_foreign 0                             numa_miss    0
numa_interleave 0                          numa_foreign 0
numa_local   0                             numa_interleave 0
numa_other   0                             numa_local   0
*nr_free_cma 0*                            numa_other 0
    ...                                        ...
vm stats threshold: 10                     vm stats threshold: 10
    ...                                        ...

The next patch updates the numa stats counter size and threshold.

[akpm@linux-foundation.org: coding-style fixes]
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1503568801-21305-2-git-send-email-kemi.wang@intel.com
Signed-off-by: Kemi Wang <kemi.wang@intel.com>
Reported-by: Jesper Dangaard Brouer <brouer@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Christopher Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@intel.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <andi.kleen@intel.com>
Cc: Ying Huang <ying.huang@intel.com>
Cc: Aaron Lu <aaron.lu@intel.com>
Cc: Tim Chen <tim.c.chen@intel.com>
Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
 2017-09-08 18:26:47 -07:00
Michal Hocko
cd04ae1e2d mm, oom: do not rely on TIF_MEMDIE for memory reserves access 
For ages we have been relying on TIF_MEMDIE thread flag to mark OOM
victims and then, among other things, to give these threads full access
to memory reserves.  There are few shortcomings of this implementation,
though.

First of all and the most serious one is that the full access to memory
reserves is quite dangerous because we leave no safety room for the
system to operate and potentially do last emergency steps to move on.

Secondly this flag is per task_struct while the OOM killer operates on
mm_struct granularity so all processes sharing the given mm are killed.
Giving the full access to all these task_structs could lead to a quick
memory reserves depletion.  We have tried to reduce this risk by giving
TIF_MEMDIE only to the main thread and the currently allocating task but
that doesn't really solve this problem while it surely opens up a room
for corner cases - e.g.  GFP_NO{FS,IO} requests might loop inside the
allocator without access to memory reserves because a particular thread
was not the group leader.

Now that we have the oom reaper and that all oom victims are reapable
after 1b51e65eab ("oom, oom_reaper: allow to reap mm shared by the
kthreads") we can be more conservative and grant only partial access to
memory reserves because there are reasonable chances of the parallel
memory freeing.  We still want some access to reserves because we do not
want other consumers to eat up the victim's freed memory.  oom victims
will still contend with __GFP_HIGH users but those shouldn't be so
aggressive to starve oom victims completely.

Introduce ALLOC_OOM flag and give all tsk_is_oom_victim tasks access to
the half of the reserves.  This makes the access to reserves independent
on which task has passed through mark_oom_victim.  Also drop any usage
of TIF_MEMDIE from the page allocator proper and replace it by
tsk_is_oom_victim as well which will make page_alloc.c completely
TIF_MEMDIE free finally.

CONFIG_MMU=n doesn't have oom reaper so let's stick to the original
ALLOC_NO_WATERMARKS approach.

There is a demand to make the oom killer memcg aware which will imply
many tasks killed at once.  This change will allow such a usecase
without worrying about complete memory reserves depletion.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170810075019.28998-2-mhocko@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: Tetsuo Handa <penguin-kernel@I-love.SAKURA.ne.jp>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Roman Gushchin <guro@fb.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
 2017-09-06 17:27:30 -07:00
Michal Hocko
c41f012ade mm: rename global_page_state to global_zone_page_state 
global_page_state is error prone as a recent bug report pointed out [1].
It only returns proper values for zone based counters as the enum it
gets suggests.  We already have global_node_page_state so let's rename
global_page_state to global_zone_page_state to be more explicit here.
All existing users seems to be correct:

$ git grep "global_page_state(NR_" | sed 's@.*(\(NR_[A-Z_]*\)).*@\1@' | sort | uniq -c
      2 NR_BOUNCE
      2 NR_FREE_CMA_PAGES
     11 NR_FREE_PAGES
      1 NR_KERNEL_STACK_KB
      1 NR_MLOCK
      2 NR_PAGETABLE

This patch shouldn't introduce any functional change.

[1] http://lkml.kernel.org/r/201707260628.v6Q6SmaS030814@www262.sakura.ne.jp

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170801134256.5400-2-hannes@cmpxchg.org
Signed-off-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Signed-off-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Tetsuo Handa <penguin-kernel@i-love.sakura.ne.jp>
Cc: Josef Bacik <josef@toxicpanda.com>
Cc: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov.dev@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
 2017-09-06 17:27:29 -07:00
Michal Hocko
b93e0f329e mm, memory_hotplug: get rid of zonelists_mutex 
zonelists_mutex was introduced by commit 4eaf3f6439 ("mem-hotplug: fix
potential race while building zonelist for new populated zone") to
protect zonelist building from races.  This is no longer needed though
because both memory online and offline are fully serialized.  New users
have grown since then.

Notably setup_per_zone_wmarks wants to prevent from races between memory
hotplug, khugepaged setup and manual min_free_kbytes update via sysctl
(see cfd3da1e49 ("mm: Serialize access to min_free_kbytes").  Let's
add a private lock for that purpose.  This will not prevent from seeing
halfway through memory hotplug operation but that shouldn't be a big
deal becuse memory hotplug will update watermarks explicitly so we will
eventually get a full picture.  The lock just makes sure we won't race
when updating watermarks leading to weird results.

Also __build_all_zonelists manipulates global data so add a private lock
for it as well.  This doesn't seem to be necessary today but it is more
robust to have a lock there.

While we are at it make sure we document that memory online/offline
depends on a full serialization either via mem_hotplug_begin() or
device_lock.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170721143915.14161-9-mhocko@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <js1304@gmail.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Shaohua Li <shaohua.li@intel.com>
Cc: Toshi Kani <toshi.kani@hpe.com>
Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Haicheng Li <haicheng.li@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
 2017-09-06 17:27:26 -07:00
Michal Hocko
11cd8638c3 mm, page_alloc: remove stop_machine from build_all_zonelists 
build_all_zonelists has been (ab)using stop_machine to make sure that
zonelists do not change while somebody is looking at them.  This is is
just a gross hack because a) it complicates the context from which we
can call build_all_zonelists (see 3f906ba236 ("mm/memory-hotplug:
switch locking to a percpu rwsem")) and b) is is not really necessary
especially after "mm, page_alloc: simplify zonelist initialization" and
c) it doesn't really provide the protection it claims (see below).

Updates of the zonelists happen very seldom, basically only when a zone
becomes populated during memory online or when it loses all the memory
during offline.  A racing iteration over zonelists could either miss a
zone or try to work on one zone twice.  Both of these are something we
can live with occasionally because there will always be at least one
zone visible so we are not likely to fail allocation too easily for
example.

Please note that the original stop_machine approach doesn't really
provide a better exclusion because the iteration might be interrupted
half way (unless the whole iteration is preempt disabled which is not
the case in most cases) so the some zones could still be seen twice or a
zone missed.

I have run the pathological online/offline of the single memblock in the
movable zone while stressing the same small node with some memory
pressure.

Node 1, zone      DMA
  pages free     0
        min      0
        low      0
        high     0
        spanned  0
        present  0
        managed  0
        protection: (0, 943, 943, 943)
Node 1, zone    DMA32
  pages free     227310
        min      8294
        low      10367
        high     12440
        spanned  262112
        present  262112
        managed  241436
        protection: (0, 0, 0, 0)
Node 1, zone   Normal
  pages free     0
        min      0
        low      0
        high     0
        spanned  0
        present  0
        managed  0
        protection: (0, 0, 0, 1024)
Node 1, zone  Movable
  pages free     32722
        min      85
        low      117
        high     149
        spanned  32768
        present  32768
        managed  32768
        protection: (0, 0, 0, 0)

root@test1:/sys/devices/system/node/node1# while true
do
	echo offline > memory34/state
	echo online_movable > memory34/state
done

root@test1:/mnt/data/test/linux-3.7-rc5# numactl --preferred=1 make -j4

and it survived without any unexpected behavior.  While this is not
really a great testing coverage it should exercise the allocation path
quite a lot.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170721143915.14161-8-mhocko@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <js1304@gmail.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Shaohua Li <shaohua.li@intel.com>
Cc: Toshi Kani <toshi.kani@hpe.com>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
 2017-09-06 17:27:26 -07:00
Michal Hocko
9d3be21bf9 mm, page_alloc: simplify zonelist initialization 
build_zonelists gradually builds zonelists from the nearest to the most
distant node.  As we do not know how many populated zones we will have
in each node we rely on the _zoneref to terminate initialized part of
the zonelist by a NULL zone.  While this is functionally correct it is
quite suboptimal because we cannot allow updaters to race with zonelists
users because they could see an empty zonelist and fail the allocation
or hit the OOM killer in the worst case.

We can do much better, though.  We can store the node ordering into an
already existing node_order array and then give this array to
build_zonelists_in_node_order and do the whole initialization at once.
zonelists consumers still might see halfway initialized state but that
should be much more tolerateable because the list will not be empty and
they would either see some zone twice or skip over some zone(s) in the
worst case which shouldn't lead to immediate failures.

While at it let's simplify build_zonelists_node which is rather
confusing now.  It gets an index into the zoneref array and returns the
updated index for the next iteration.  Let's rename the function to
build_zonerefs_node to better reflect its purpose and give it zoneref
array to update.  The function doesn't the index anymore.  It just
returns the number of added zones so that the caller can advance the
zonered array start for the next update.

This patch alone doesn't introduce any functional change yet, though, it
is merely a preparatory work for later changes.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170721143915.14161-7-mhocko@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <js1304@gmail.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Shaohua Li <shaohua.li@intel.com>
Cc: Toshi Kani <toshi.kani@hpe.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
 2017-09-06 17:27:26 -07:00
Michal Hocko
72675e131e mm, memory_hotplug: drop zone from build_all_zonelists 
build_all_zonelists gets a zone parameter to initialize zone's pagesets.
There is only a single user which gives a non-NULL zone parameter and
that one doesn't really need the rest of the build_all_zonelists (see
commit 6dcd73d701 ("memory-hotplug: allocate zone's pcp before
onlining pages")).

Therefore remove setup_zone_pageset from build_all_zonelists and call it
from its only user directly.  This will also remove a pointless zonlists
rebuilding which is always good.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170721143915.14161-5-mhocko@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <js1304@gmail.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Shaohua Li <shaohua.li@intel.com>
Cc: Toshi Kani <toshi.kani@hpe.com>
Cc: Wen Congyang <wency@cn.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
 2017-09-06 17:27:25 -07:00
Michal Hocko
d9c9a0b972 mm, page_alloc: do not set_cpu_numa_mem on empty nodes initialization 
__build_all_zonelists reinitializes each online cpu local node for
CONFIG_HAVE_MEMORYLESS_NODES.  This makes sense because previously
memory less nodes could gain some memory during memory hotplug and so
the local node should be changed for CPUs close to such a node.  It
makes less sense to do that unconditionally for a newly creaded NUMA
node which is still offline and without any memory.

Let's also simplify the cpu loop and use for_each_online_cpu instead of
an explicit cpu_online check for all possible cpus.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170721143915.14161-4-mhocko@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <js1304@gmail.com>
Cc: Shaohua Li <shaohua.li@intel.com>
Cc: Toshi Kani <toshi.kani@hpe.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
 2017-09-06 17:27:25 -07:00
Michal Hocko
afb6ebb3fa mm, page_alloc: remove boot pageset initialization from memory hotplug 
boot_pageset is a boot time hack which gets superseded by normal
pagesets later in the boot process.  It makes zero sense to reinitialize
it again and again during memory hotplug.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170721143915.14161-3-mhocko@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <js1304@gmail.com>
Cc: Shaohua Li <shaohua.li@intel.com>
Cc: Toshi Kani <toshi.kani@hpe.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
 2017-09-06 17:27:25 -07:00
Michal Hocko
c9bff3eebc mm, page_alloc: rip out ZONELIST_ORDER_ZONE 
Patch series "cleanup zonelists initialization", v1.

This is aimed at cleaning up the zonelists initialization code we have
but the primary motivation was bug report [2] which got resolved but the
usage of stop_machine is just too ugly to live.  Most patches are
straightforward but 3 of them need a special consideration.

Patch 1 removes zone ordered zonelists completely.  I am CCing linux-api
because this is a user visible change.  As I argue in the patch
description I do not think we have a strong usecase for it these days.
I have kept sysctl in place and warn into the log if somebody tries to
configure zone lists ordering.  If somebody has a real usecase for it we
can revert this patch but I do not expect anybody will actually notice
runtime differences.  This patch is not strictly needed for the rest but
it made patch 6 easier to implement.

Patch 7 removes stop_machine from build_all_zonelists without adding any
special synchronization between iterators and updater which I _believe_
is acceptable as explained in the changelog.  I hope I am not missing
anything.

Patch 8 then removes zonelists_mutex which is kind of ugly as well and
not really needed AFAICS but a care should be taken when double checking
my thinking.

This patch (of 9):

Supporting zone ordered zonelists costs us just a lot of code while the
usefulness is arguable if existent at all.  Mel has already made node
ordering default on 64b systems.  32b systems are still using
ZONELIST_ORDER_ZONE because it is considered better to fallback to a
different NUMA node rather than consume precious lowmem zones.

This argument is, however, weaken by the fact that the memory reclaim
has been reworked to be node rather than zone oriented.  This means that
lowmem requests have to skip over all highmem pages on LRUs already and
so zone ordering doesn't save the reclaim time much.  So the only
advantage of the zone ordering is under a light memory pressure when
highmem requests do not ever hit into lowmem zones and the lowmem
pressure doesn't need to reclaim.

Considering that 32b NUMA systems are rather suboptimal already and it
is generally advisable to use 64b kernel on such a HW I believe we
should rather care about the code maintainability and just get rid of
ZONELIST_ORDER_ZONE altogether.  Keep systcl in place and warn if
somebody tries to set zone ordering either from kernel command line or
the sysctl.

[mhocko@suse.com: reading vm.numa_zonelist_order will never terminate]
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170721143915.14161-2-mhocko@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <js1304@gmail.com>
Cc: Shaohua Li <shaohua.li@intel.com>
Cc: Toshi Kani <toshi.kani@hpe.com>
Cc: Abdul Haleem <abdhalee@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: <linux-api@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
 2017-09-06 17:27:25 -07:00
Wei Yang
c11525830f mm/memory_hotplug: just build zonelist for newly added node 
Commit 9adb62a5df ("mm/hotplug: correctly setup fallback zonelists
when creating new pgdat") tries to build the correct zonelist for a
newly added node, while it is not necessary to rebuild it for already
exist nodes.

In build_zonelists(), it will iterate on nodes with memory.  For a newly
added node, it will have memory until node_states_set_node() is called
in online_pages().

This patch avoids rebuilding the zonelists for already existing nodes.

build_zonelists_node() uses managed_zone(zone) checks, so it should not
include empty zones anyway.  So effectively we avoid some pointless work
under stop_machine().

[akpm@linux-foundation.org: tweak comment text]
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: coding-style tweak, per Vlastimil]
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170626035822.50155-1-richard.weiyang@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Wei Yang <richard.weiyang@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Jiang Liu <liuj97@gmail.com>
Cc: Xishi Qiu <qiuxishi@huawei.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
 2017-09-06 17:27:25 -07:00
Ingo Molnar
edc2988c54 Merge branch 'linus' into locking/core, to fix up conflicts 
Conflicts:
	mm/page_alloc.c

Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
 2017-09-04 11:01:18 +02:00
Tetsuo Handa
e746bf730a mm,page_alloc: don't call __node_reclaim() with oom_lock held. 
We are doing a last second memory allocation attempt before calling
out_of_memory().  But since slab shrinker functions might indirectly
wait for other thread's __GFP_DIRECT_RECLAIM && !__GFP_NORETRY memory
allocations via sleeping locks, calling slab shrinker functions from
node_reclaim() from get_page_from_freelist() with oom_lock held has
possibility of deadlock.  Therefore, make sure that last second memory
allocation attempt does not call slab shrinker functions.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1503577106-9196-1-git-send-email-penguin-kernel@I-love.SAKURA.ne.jp
Signed-off-by: Tetsuo Handa <penguin-kernel@I-love.SAKURA.ne.jp>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
 2017-08-31 16:33:14 -07:00
Chen Yu
556b969a1c PM/hibernate: touch NMI watchdog when creating snapshot 
There is a problem that when counting the pages for creating the
hibernation snapshot will take significant amount of time, especially on
system with large memory.  Since the counting job is performed with irq
disabled, this might lead to NMI lockup.  The following warning were
found on a system with 1.5TB DRAM:

  Freezing user space processes ... (elapsed 0.002 seconds) done.
  OOM killer disabled.
  PM: Preallocating image memory...
  NMI watchdog: Watchdog detected hard LOCKUP on cpu 27
  CPU: 27 PID: 3128 Comm: systemd-sleep Not tainted 4.13.0-0.rc2.git0.1.fc27.x86_64 #1
  task: ffff9f01971ac000 task.stack: ffffb1a3f325c000
  RIP: 0010:memory_bm_find_bit+0xf4/0x100
  Call Trace:
   swsusp_set_page_free+0x2b/0x30
   mark_free_pages+0x147/0x1c0
   count_data_pages+0x41/0xa0
   hibernate_preallocate_memory+0x80/0x450
   hibernation_snapshot+0x58/0x410
   hibernate+0x17c/0x310
   state_store+0xdf/0xf0
   kobj_attr_store+0xf/0x20
   sysfs_kf_write+0x37/0x40
   kernfs_fop_write+0x11c/0x1a0
   __vfs_write+0x37/0x170
   vfs_write+0xb1/0x1a0
   SyS_write+0x55/0xc0
   entry_SYSCALL_64_fastpath+0x1a/0xa5
  ...
  done (allocated 6590003 pages)
  PM: Allocated 26360012 kbytes in 19.89 seconds (1325.28 MB/s)

It has taken nearly 20 seconds(2.10GHz CPU) thus the NMI lockup was
triggered.  In case the timeout of the NMI watch dog has been set to 1
second, a safe interval should be 6590003/20 = 320k pages in theory.
However there might also be some platforms running at a lower frequency,
so feed the watchdog every 100k pages.

[yu.c.chen@intel.com: simplification]
  Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1503460079-29721-1-git-send-email-yu.c.chen@intel.com
[yu.c.chen@intel.com: use interval of 128k instead of 100k to avoid modulus]
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1503328098-5120-1-git-send-email-yu.c.chen@intel.com
Signed-off-by: Chen Yu <yu.c.chen@intel.com>
Reported-by: Jan Filipcewicz <jan.filipcewicz@intel.com>
Suggested-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Reviewed-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Acked-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael.j.wysocki@intel.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Len Brown <lenb@kernel.org>
Cc: Dan Williams <dan.j.williams@intel.com>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
 2017-08-25 16:12:46 -07:00
Ingo Molnar
10c9850cb2 Merge branch 'linus' into locking/core, to pick up fixes 
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
 2017-08-25 11:04:51 +02:00
Pavel Tatashin
3010f87650 mm: discard memblock data later 
There is existing use after free bug when deferred struct pages are
enabled:

The memblock_add() allocates memory for the memory array if more than
128 entries are needed.  See comment in e820__memblock_setup():

  * The bootstrap memblock region count maximum is 128 entries
  * (INIT_MEMBLOCK_REGIONS), but EFI might pass us more E820 entries
  * than that - so allow memblock resizing.

This memblock memory is freed here:
        free_low_memory_core_early()

We access the freed memblock.memory later in boot when deferred pages
are initialized in this path:

        deferred_init_memmap()
                for_each_mem_pfn_range()
                  __next_mem_pfn_range()
                    type = &memblock.memory;

One possible explanation for why this use-after-free hasn't been hit
before is that the limit of INIT_MEMBLOCK_REGIONS has never been
exceeded at least on systems where deferred struct pages were enabled.

Tested by reducing INIT_MEMBLOCK_REGIONS down to 4 from the current 128,
and verifying in qemu that this code is getting excuted and that the
freed pages are sane.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1502485554-318703-2-git-send-email-pasha.tatashin@oracle.com
Fixes: 7e18adb4f8 ("mm: meminit: initialise remaining struct pages in parallel with kswapd")
Signed-off-by: Pavel Tatashin <pasha.tatashin@oracle.com>
Reviewed-by: Steven Sistare <steven.sistare@oracle.com>
Reviewed-by: Daniel Jordan <daniel.m.jordan@oracle.com>
Reviewed-by: Bob Picco <bob.picco@oracle.com>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
 2017-08-18 15:32:01 -07:00
Ingo Molnar
040cca3ab2 Merge branch 'linus' into locking/core, to resolve conflicts 
Conflicts:
	include/linux/mm_types.h
	mm/huge_memory.c

I removed the smp_mb__before_spinlock() like the following commit does:

  8b1b436dd1 ("mm, locking: Rework {set,clear,mm}_tlb_flush_pending()")

and fixed up the affected commits.

Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
 2017-08-11 13:51:59 +02:00
Jonathan Toppins
75dddef325 mm: ratelimit PFNs busy info message 
The RDMA subsystem can generate several thousand of these messages per
second eventually leading to a kernel crash.  Ratelimit these messages
to prevent this crash.

Doug said:
 "I've been carrying a version of this for several kernel versions. I
  don't remember when they started, but we have one (and only one) class
  of machines: Dell PE R730xd, that generate these errors. When it
  happens, without a rate limit, we get rcu timeouts and kernel oopses.
  With the rate limit, we just get a lot of annoying kernel messages but
  the machine continues on, recovers, and eventually the memory
  operations all succeed"

And:
 "> Well... why are all these EBUSY's occurring? It sounds inefficient
  > (at least) but if it is expected, normal and unavoidable then
  > perhaps we should just remove that message altogether?

  I don't have an answer to that question. To be honest, I haven't
  looked real hard. We never had this at all, then it started out of the
  blue, but only on our Dell 730xd machines (and it hits all of them),
  but no other classes or brands of machines. And we have our 730xd
  machines loaded up with different brands and models of cards (for
  instance one dedicated to mlx4 hardware, one for qib, one for mlx5, an
  ocrdma/cxgb4 combo, etc), so the fact that it hit all of the machines
  meant it wasn't tied to any particular brand/model of RDMA hardware.
  To me, it always smelled of a hardware oddity specific to maybe the
  CPUs or mainboard chipsets in these machines, so given that I'm not an
  mm expert anyway, I never chased it down.

  A few other relevant details: it showed up somewhere around 4.8/4.9 or
  thereabouts. It never happened before, but the prinkt has been there
  since the 3.18 days, so possibly the test to trigger this message was
  changed, or something else in the allocator changed such that the
  situation started happening on these machines?

  And, like I said, it is specific to our 730xd machines (but they are
  all identical, so that could mean it's something like their specific
  ram configuration is causing the allocator to hit this on these
  machine but not on other machines in the cluster, I don't want to say
  it's necessarily the model of chipset or CPU, there are other bits of
  identicalness between these machines)"

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/499c0f6cc10d6eb829a67f2a4d75b4228a9b356e.1501695897.git.jtoppins@redhat.com
Signed-off-by: Jonathan Toppins <jtoppins@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Doug Ledford <dledford@redhat.com>
Tested-by: Doug Ledford <dledford@redhat.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: Hillf Danton <hillf.zj@alibaba-inc.com>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
 2017-08-10 15:54:06 -07:00
Johannes Weiner
d507e2ebd2 mm: fix global NR_SLAB_.*CLAIMABLE counter reads 
As Tetsuo points out:
 "Commit 385386cff4 ("mm: vmstat: move slab statistics from zone to
  node counters") broke "Slab:" field of /proc/meminfo . It shows nearly
  0kB"

In addition to /proc/meminfo, this problem also affects the slab
counters OOM/allocation failure info dumps, can cause early -ENOMEM from
overcommit protection, and miscalculate image size requirements during
suspend-to-disk.

This is because the patch in question switched the slab counters from
the zone level to the node level, but forgot to update the global
accessor functions to read the aggregate node data instead of the
aggregate zone data.

Use global_node_page_state() to access the global slab counters.

Fixes: 385386cff4 ("mm: vmstat: move slab statistics from zone to node counters")
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170801134256.5400-1-hannes@cmpxchg.org
Signed-off-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Reported-by: Tetsuo Handa <penguin-kernel@i-love.sakura.ne.jp>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Josef Bacik <josef@toxicpanda.com>
Cc: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov.dev@gmail.com>
Cc: Stefan Agner <stefan@agner.ch>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
 2017-08-10 15:54:06 -07:00
Peter Zijlstra
d92a8cfcb3 locking/lockdep: Rework FS_RECLAIM annotation 
A while ago someone, and I cannot find the email just now, asked if we
could not implement the RECLAIM_FS inversion stuff with a 'fake' lock
like we use for other things like workqueues etc. I think this should
be possible which allows reducing the 'irq' states and will reduce the
amount of __bfs() lookups we do.

Removing the 1 IRQ state results in 4 less __bfs() walks per
dependency, improving lockdep performance. And by moving this
annotation out of the lockdep code it becomes easier for the mm people
to extend.

Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Byungchul Park <byungchul.park@lge.com>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org>
Cc: Nikolay Borisov <nborisov@suse.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: akpm@linux-foundation.org
Cc: boqun.feng@gmail.com
Cc: iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com
Cc: kernel-team@lge.com
Cc: kirill@shutemov.name
Cc: npiggin@gmail.com
Cc: walken@google.com
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
 2017-08-10 12:29:03 +02:00
Heiko Carstens
167d0f258f mm: take memory hotplug lock within numa_zonelist_order_handler() 
Andre Wild reported the following warning:

  WARNING: CPU: 2 PID: 1205 at kernel/cpu.c:240 lockdep_assert_cpus_held+0x4c/0x60
  Modules linked in:
  CPU: 2 PID: 1205 Comm: bash Not tainted 4.13.0-rc2-00022-gfd2b2c57ec20 #10
  Hardware name: IBM 2964 N96 702 (z/VM 6.4.0)
  task: 00000000701d8100 task.stack: 0000000073594000
  Krnl PSW : 0704f00180000000 0000000000145e24 (lockdep_assert_cpus_held+0x4c/0x60)
  ...
  Call Trace:
   lockdep_assert_cpus_held+0x42/0x60)
   stop_machine_cpuslocked+0x62/0xf0
   build_all_zonelists+0x92/0x150
   numa_zonelist_order_handler+0x102/0x150
   proc_sys_call_handler.isra.12+0xda/0x118
   proc_sys_write+0x34/0x48
   __vfs_write+0x3c/0x178
   vfs_write+0xbc/0x1a0
   SyS_write+0x66/0xc0
   system_call+0xc4/0x2b0
   locks held by bash/1205:
   #0:  (sb_writers#4){.+.+.+}, at: vfs_write+0xa6/0x1a0
   #1:  (zl_order_mutex){+.+...}, at: numa_zonelist_order_handler+0x44/0x150
   #2:  (zonelists_mutex){+.+...}, at: numa_zonelist_order_handler+0xf4/0x150
  Last Breaking-Event-Address:
    lockdep_assert_cpus_held+0x48/0x60

This can be easily triggered with e.g.

    echo n > /proc/sys/vm/numa_zonelist_order

In commit 3f906ba236 ("mm/memory-hotplug: switch locking to a percpu
rwsem") memory hotplug locking was changed to fix a potential deadlock.

This also switched the stop_machine() invocation within
build_all_zonelists() to stop_machine_cpuslocked() which now expects
that online cpus are locked when being called.

This assumption is not true if build_all_zonelists() is being called
from numa_zonelist_order_handler().

In order to fix this simply add a mem_hotplug_begin()/mem_hotplug_done()
pair to numa_zonelist_order_handler().

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170726111738.38768-1-heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com
Fixes: 3f906ba236 ("mm/memory-hotplug: switch locking to a percpu rwsem")
Signed-off-by: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Reported-by: Andre Wild <wild@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
 2017-08-02 17:16:11 -07:00
Michal Hocko
dcda9b0471 mm, tree wide: replace __GFP_REPEAT by __GFP_RETRY_MAYFAIL with more useful semantic 
__GFP_REPEAT was designed to allow retry-but-eventually-fail semantic to
the page allocator.  This has been true but only for allocations
requests larger than PAGE_ALLOC_COSTLY_ORDER.  It has been always
ignored for smaller sizes.  This is a bit unfortunate because there is
no way to express the same semantic for those requests and they are
considered too important to fail so they might end up looping in the
page allocator for ever, similarly to GFP_NOFAIL requests.

Now that the whole tree has been cleaned up and accidental or misled
usage of __GFP_REPEAT flag has been removed for !costly requests we can
give the original flag a better name and more importantly a more useful
semantic.  Let's rename it to __GFP_RETRY_MAYFAIL which tells the user
that the allocator would try really hard but there is no promise of a
success.  This will work independent of the order and overrides the
default allocator behavior.  Page allocator users have several levels of
guarantee vs.  cost options (take GFP_KERNEL as an example)

 - GFP_KERNEL & ~__GFP_RECLAIM - optimistic allocation without _any_
   attempt to free memory at all. The most light weight mode which even
   doesn't kick the background reclaim. Should be used carefully because
   it might deplete the memory and the next user might hit the more
   aggressive reclaim

 - GFP_KERNEL & ~__GFP_DIRECT_RECLAIM (or GFP_NOWAIT)- optimistic
   allocation without any attempt to free memory from the current
   context but can wake kswapd to reclaim memory if the zone is below
   the low watermark. Can be used from either atomic contexts or when
   the request is a performance optimization and there is another
   fallback for a slow path.

 - (GFP_KERNEL|__GFP_HIGH) & ~__GFP_DIRECT_RECLAIM (aka GFP_ATOMIC) -
   non sleeping allocation with an expensive fallback so it can access
   some portion of memory reserves. Usually used from interrupt/bh
   context with an expensive slow path fallback.

 - GFP_KERNEL - both background and direct reclaim are allowed and the
   _default_ page allocator behavior is used. That means that !costly
   allocation requests are basically nofail but there is no guarantee of
   that behavior so failures have to be checked properly by callers
   (e.g. OOM killer victim is allowed to fail currently).

 - GFP_KERNEL | __GFP_NORETRY - overrides the default allocator behavior
   and all allocation requests fail early rather than cause disruptive
   reclaim (one round of reclaim in this implementation). The OOM killer
   is not invoked.

 - GFP_KERNEL | __GFP_RETRY_MAYFAIL - overrides the default allocator
   behavior and all allocation requests try really hard. The request
   will fail if the reclaim cannot make any progress. The OOM killer
   won't be triggered.

 - GFP_KERNEL | __GFP_NOFAIL - overrides the default allocator behavior
   and all allocation requests will loop endlessly until they succeed.
   This might be really dangerous especially for larger orders.

Existing users of __GFP_REPEAT are changed to __GFP_RETRY_MAYFAIL
because they already had their semantic.  No new users are added.
__alloc_pages_slowpath is changed to bail out for __GFP_RETRY_MAYFAIL if
there is no progress and we have already passed the OOM point.

This means that all the reclaim opportunities have been exhausted except
the most disruptive one (the OOM killer) and a user defined fallback
behavior is more sensible than keep retrying in the page allocator.

[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix arch/sparc/kernel/mdesc.c]
[mhocko@suse.com: semantic fix]
  Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170626123847.GM11534@dhcp22.suse.cz
[mhocko@kernel.org: address other thing spotted by Vlastimil]
  Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170626124233.GN11534@dhcp22.suse.cz
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170623085345.11304-3-mhocko@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Alex Belits <alex.belits@cavium.com>
Cc: Chris Wilson <chris@chris-wilson.co.uk>
Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@infradead.org>
Cc: Darrick J. Wong <darrick.wong@oracle.com>
Cc: David Daney <david.daney@cavium.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: NeilBrown <neilb@suse.com>
Cc: Ralf Baechle <ralf@linux-mips.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
 2017-07-12 16:26:03 -07:00
Thomas Gleixner
3f906ba236 mm/memory-hotplug: switch locking to a percpu rwsem 
Andrey reported a potential deadlock with the memory hotplug lock and
the cpu hotplug lock.

The reason is that memory hotplug takes the memory hotplug lock and then
calls stop_machine() which calls get_online_cpus().  That's the reverse
lock order to get_online_cpus(); get_online_mems(); in mm/slub_common.c

The problem has been there forever.  The reason why this was never
reported is that the cpu hotplug locking had this homebrewn recursive
reader writer semaphore construct which due to the recursion evaded the
full lock dep coverage.  The memory hotplug code copied that construct
verbatim and therefor has similar issues.

Three steps to fix this:

1) Convert the memory hotplug locking to a per cpu rwsem so the
   potential issues get reported proper by lockdep.

2) Lock the online cpus in mem_hotplug_begin() before taking the memory
   hotplug rwsem and use stop_machine_cpuslocked() in the page_alloc
   code to avoid recursive locking.

3) The cpu hotpluck locking in #2 causes a recursive locking of the cpu
   hotplug lock via __offline_pages() -> lru_add_drain_all(). Solve this
   by invoking lru_add_drain_all_cpuslocked() instead.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170704093421.506836322@linutronix.de
Reported-by: Andrey Ryabinin <aryabinin@virtuozzo.com>
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov.dev@gmail.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Davidlohr Bueso <dave@stgolabs.net>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
 2017-07-10 16:32:33 -07:00
Rasmus Villemoes
b002529d25 mm/page_alloc.c: eliminate unsigned confusion in __rmqueue_fallback 
Since current_order starts as MAX_ORDER-1 and is then only decremented,
the second half of the loop condition seems superfluous.  However, if
order is 0, we may decrement current_order past 0, making it UINT_MAX.
This is obviously too subtle ([1], [2]).

Since we need to add some comment anyway, change the two variables to
signed, making the counting-down for loop look more familiar, and
apparently also making gcc generate slightly smaller code.

[1] https://lkml.org/lkml/2016/6/20/493
[2] https://lkml.org/lkml/2017/6/19/345

[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix up reject fixupping]
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170621185529.2265-1-linux@rasmusvillemoes.dk
Signed-off-by: Rasmus Villemoes <linux@rasmusvillemoes.dk>
Reported-by: Hao Lee <haolee.swjtu@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Wei Yang <weiyang@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
 2017-07-10 16:32:32 -07:00
Vlastimil Babka
7a8f58f391 mm, page_alloc: fallback to smallest page when not stealing whole pageblock 
Since commit 3bc48f96cf ("mm, page_alloc: split smallest stolen page
in fallback") we pick the smallest (but sufficient) page of all that
have been stolen from a pageblock of different migratetype.  However,
there are cases when we decide not to steal the whole pageblock.

Practically in the current implementation it means that we are trying to
fallback for a MIGRATE_MOVABLE allocation of order X, go through the
freelists from MAX_ORDER-1 down to X, and find free page of order Y.  If
Y is less than pageblock_order / 2, we decide not to steal all pages
from the pageblock.  When Y > X, it means we are potentially splitting a
larger page than we need, as there might be other pages of order Z,
where X <= Z < Y.  Since Y is already too small to steal whole
pageblock, picking smallest available Z will result in the same decision
and we avoid splitting a higher-order page in a MIGRATE_UNMOVABLE or
MIGRATE_RECLAIMABLE pageblock.

This patch therefore changes the fallback algorithm so that in the
situation described above, we switch the fallback search strategy to go
from order X upwards to find the smallest suitable fallback.  In theory
there shouldn't be a downside of this change wrt fragmentation.

This has been tested with mmtests' stress-highalloc performing
GFP_KERNEL order-4 allocations, here is the relevant extfrag tracepoint
statistics:

                                                        4.12.0-rc2      4.12.0-rc2
                                                         1-kernel4       2-kernel4
  Page alloc extfrag event                                  25640976    69680977
  Extfrag fragmenting                                       25621086    69661364
  Extfrag fragmenting for unmovable                            74409       73204
  Extfrag fragmenting unmovable placed with movable            69003       67684
  Extfrag fragmenting unmovable placed with reclaim.            5406        5520
  Extfrag fragmenting for reclaimable                           6398        8467
  Extfrag fragmenting reclaimable placed with movable            869         884
  Extfrag fragmenting reclaimable placed with unmov.            5529        7583
  Extfrag fragmenting for movable                           25540279    69579693

Since we force movable allocations to steal the smallest available page
(which we then practially always split), we steal less per fallback, so
the number of fallbacks increases and steals potentially happen from
different pageblocks.  This is however not an issue for movable pages
that can be compacted.

Importantly, the "unmovable placed with movable" statistics is lower,
which is the result of less fragmentation in the unmovable pageblocks.
The effect on reclaimable allocation is a bit unclear.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170529093947.22618-1-vbabka@suse.cz
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
 2017-07-10 16:32:30 -07:00
Michal Hocko
f70029bbaa mm, memory_hotplug: drop CONFIG_MOVABLE_NODE 
Commit 20b2f52b73 ("numa: add CONFIG_MOVABLE_NODE for
movable-dedicated node") has introduced CONFIG_MOVABLE_NODE without a
good explanation on why it is actually useful.

It makes a lot of sense to make movable node semantic opt in but we
already have that because the feature has to be explicitly enabled on
the kernel command line.  A config option on top only makes the
configuration space larger without a good reason.  It also adds an
additional ifdefery that pollutes the code.

Just drop the config option and make it de-facto always enabled.  This
shouldn't introduce any change to the semantic.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170529114141.536-3-mhocko@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Acked-by: Reza Arbab <arbab@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Jerome Glisse <jglisse@redhat.com>
Cc: Yasuaki Ishimatsu <yasu.isimatu@gmail.com>
Cc: Xishi Qiu <qiuxishi@huawei.com>
Cc: Kani Toshimitsu <toshi.kani@hpe.com>
Cc: Chen Yucong <slaoub@gmail.com>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <js1304@gmail.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Daniel Kiper <daniel.kiper@oracle.com>
Cc: Igor Mammedov <imammedo@redhat.com>
Cc: Vitaly Kuznetsov <vkuznets@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
 2017-07-06 16:24:35 -07:00
Johannes Weiner
385386cff4 mm: vmstat: move slab statistics from zone to node counters 
Patch series "mm: per-lruvec slab stats"

Josef is working on a new approach to balancing slab caches and the page
cache.  For this to work, he needs slab cache statistics on the lruvec
level.  These patches implement that by adding infrastructure that
allows updating and reading generic VM stat items per lruvec, then
switches some existing VM accounting sites, including the slab
accounting ones, to this new cgroup-aware API.

I'll follow up with more patches on this, because there is actually
substantial simplification that can be done to the memory controller
when we replace private memcg accounting with making the existing VM
accounting sites cgroup-aware.  But this is enough for Josef to base his
slab reclaim work on, so here goes.

This patch (of 5):

To re-implement slab cache vs.  page cache balancing, we'll need the
slab counters at the lruvec level, which, ever since lru reclaim was
moved from the zone to the node, is the intersection of the node, not
the zone, and the memcg.

We could retain the per-zone counters for when the page allocator dumps
its memory information on failures, and have counters on both levels -
which on all but NUMA node 0 is usually redundant.  But let's keep it
simple for now and just move them.  If anybody complains we can restore
the per-zone counters.

[hannes@cmpxchg.org: fix oops]
  Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170605183511.GA8915@cmpxchg.org
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170530181724.27197-3-hannes@cmpxchg.org
Signed-off-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Josef Bacik <josef@toxicpanda.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov.dev@gmail.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
 2017-07-06 16:24:35 -07:00
Vlastimil Babka
04ec6264f2 mm, page_alloc: pass preferred nid instead of zonelist to allocator 
The main allocator function __alloc_pages_nodemask() takes a zonelist
pointer as one of its parameters.  All of its callers directly or
indirectly obtain the zonelist via node_zonelist() using a preferred
node id and gfp_mask.  We can make the code a bit simpler by doing the
zonelist lookup in __alloc_pages_nodemask(), passing it a preferred node
id instead (gfp_mask is already another parameter).

There are some code size benefits thanks to removal of inlined
node_zonelist():

  bloat-o-meter add/remove: 2/2 grow/shrink: 4/36 up/down: 399/-1351 (-952)

This will also make things simpler if we proceed with converting cpusets
to zonelists.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170517081140.30654-4-vbabka@suse.cz
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Reviewed-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Dimitri Sivanich <sivanich@sgi.com>
Cc: "Kirill A. Shutemov" <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Anshuman Khandual <khandual@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Li Zefan <lizefan@huawei.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
 2017-07-06 16:24:34 -07:00
Vlastimil Babka
902b62810a mm, page_alloc: fix more premature OOM due to race with cpuset update 
I would like to stress that this patchset aims to fix issues and cleanup
the code *within the existing documented semantics*, i.e.  patch 1
ignores mempolicy restrictions if the set of allowed nodes has no
intersection with set of nodes allowed by cpuset.  I believe discussing
potential changes of the semantics can be better done once we have a
baseline with no known bugs of the current semantics.

I've recently summarized the cpuset/mempolicy issues in a LSF/MM
proposal [1] and the discussion itself [2].  I've been trying to rewrite
the handling as proposed, with the idea that changing semantics to make
all mempolicies static wrt cpuset updates (and discarding the relative
and default modes) can be tried on top, as there's a high risk of being
rejected/reverted because somebody might still care about the removed
modes.

However I haven't yet figured out how to properly:

1) make mempolicies swappable instead of rebinding in place. I thought
   mbind() already works that way and uses refcounting to avoid
   use-after-free of the old policy by a parallel allocation, but turns
   out true refcounting is only done for shared (shmem) mempolicies, and
   the actual protection for mbind() comes from mmap_sem. Extending the
   refcounting means more overhead in allocator hot path. Also swapping
   whole mempolicies means that we have to allocate the new ones, which
   can fail, and reverting of the partially done work also means
   allocating (note that mbind() doesn't care and will just leave part
   of the range updated and part not updated when returning -ENOMEM...).

2) make cpuset's task->mems_allowed also swappable (after converting it
   from nodemask to zonelist, which is the easy part) for mostly the
   same reasons.

The good news is that while trying to do the above, I've at least
figured out how to hopefully close the remaining premature OOM's, and do
a buch of cleanups on top, removing quite some of the code that was also
supposed to prevent the cpuset update races, but doesn't work anymore
nowadays.  This should fix the most pressing concerns with this topic
and give us a better baseline before either proceeding with the original
proposal, or pushing a change of semantics that removes the problem 1)
above.  I'd be then fine with trying to change the semantic first and
rewrite later.

Patchset has been tested with the LTP cpuset01 stress test.

[1] https://lkml.kernel.org/r/4c44a589-5fd8-08d0-892c-e893bb525b71@suse.cz
[2] https://lwn.net/Articles/717797/
[3] https://marc.info/?l=linux-mm&m=149191957922828&w=2

This patch (of 6):

Commit e47483bca2 ("mm, page_alloc: fix premature OOM when racing with
cpuset mems update") has fixed known recent regressions found by LTP's
cpuset01 testcase.  I have however found that by modifying the testcase
to use per-vma mempolicies via bind(2) instead of per-task mempolicies
via set_mempolicy(2), the premature OOM still happens and the issue is
much older.

The root of the problem is that the cpuset's mems_allowed and
mempolicy's nodemask can temporarily have no intersection, thus
get_page_from_freelist() cannot find any usable zone.  The current
semantic for empty intersection is to ignore mempolicy's nodemask and
honour cpuset restrictions.  This is checked in node_zonelist(), but the
racy update can happen after we already passed the check.  Such races
should be protected by the seqlock task->mems_allowed_seq, but it
doesn't work here, because 1) mpol_rebind_mm() does not happen under
seqlock for write, and doing so would lead to deadlock, as it takes
mmap_sem for write, while the allocation can have mmap_sem for read when
it's taking the seqlock for read.  And 2) the seqlock cookie of callers
of node_zonelist() (alloc_pages_vma() and alloc_pages_current()) is
different than the one of __alloc_pages_slowpath(), so there's still a
potential race window.

This patch fixes the issue by having __alloc_pages_slowpath() check for
empty intersection of cpuset and ac->nodemask before OOM or allocation
failure.  If it's indeed empty, the nodemask is ignored and allocation
retried, which mimics node_zonelist().  This works fine, because almost
all callers of __alloc_pages_nodemask are obtaining the nodemask via
node_zonelist().  The only exception is new_node_page() from hotplug,
where the potential violation of nodemask isn't an issue, as there's
already a fallback allocation attempt without any nodemask.  If there's
a future caller that needs to have its specific nodemask honoured over
task's cpuset restrictions, we'll have to e.g.  add a gfp flag for that.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170517081140.30654-2-vbabka@suse.cz
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Li Zefan <lizefan@huawei.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Anshuman Khandual <khandual@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: "Kirill A. Shutemov" <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Dimitri Sivanich <sivanich@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
 2017-07-06 16:24:34 -07:00
Matthias Kaehlcke
d73d3c9f69 mm/page_alloc.c: mark bad_range() and meminit_pfn_in_nid() as __maybe_unused 
The functions are not used in some configurations.  Adding the attribute
fixes the following warnings when building with clang:

  mm/page_alloc.c:409:19: error: function 'bad_range' is not needed and
      will not be emitted [-Werror,-Wunneeded-internal-declaration]

  mm/page_alloc.c:1106:30: error: unused function 'meminit_pfn_in_nid'
      [-Werror,-Wunused-function]

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170518182030.165633-1-mka@chromium.org
Signed-off-by: Matthias Kaehlcke <mka@chromium.org>
Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
 2017-07-06 16:24:33 -07:00
Pavel Tatashin
9017217b6f mm: adaptive hash table scaling 
Allow hash tables to scale with memory but at slower pace, when
HASH_ADAPT is provided every time memory quadruples the sizes of hash
tables will only double instead of quadrupling as well.  This algorithm
starts working only when memory size reaches a certain point, currently
set to 64G.

This is example of dentry hash table size, before and after four various
memory configurations:

MEMORY	   SCALE	 HASH_SIZE
	old	new	old	new
    8G	 13	 13      8M      8M
   16G	 13	 13     16M     16M
   32G	 13	 13     32M     32M
   64G	 13	 13     64M     64M
  128G	 13	 14    128M     64M
  256G	 13	 14    256M    128M
  512G	 13	 15    512M    128M
 1024G	 13	 15   1024M    256M
 2048G	 13	 16   2048M    256M
 4096G	 13	 16   4096M    512M
 8192G	 13	 17   8192M    512M
16384G	 13	 17  16384M   1024M
32768G	 13	 18  32768M   1024M
65536G	 13	 18  65536M   2048M

The effect of this change on runtime is undetectable as filesystem
growth is not proportional to machine memory size as is currently
assumed.  The change effects only large memory machine.  Additional
tuning might be needed, but that can be done by the clients of the
kmem_cache_create interface, not the generic cache allocator itself.

The adaptive hashing is disabled on 32 bit systems to avoid confusion of
whether base should be different for smaller systems, and to avoid
overflows.

[mhocko@suse.com: drop HASH_ADAPT]
  Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170509094607.GG6481@dhcp22.suse.cz
[pasha.tatashin@oracle.com: UL -> ULL fix]
  Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1495300013-653283-2-git-send-email-pasha.tatashin@oracle.com
[pasha.tatashin@oracle.com: disable adaptive hash on 32 bit systems]
  Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1495469329-755807-2-git-send-email-pasha.tatashin@oracle.com
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1488432825-92126-5-git-send-email-pasha.tatashin@oracle.com
Signed-off-by: Pavel Tatashin <pasha.tatashin@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: David Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Cc: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Cc: Babu Moger <babu.moger@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
 2017-07-06 16:24:33 -07:00
Pavel Tatashin
3749a8f008 mm: zero hash tables in allocator 
Add a new flag HASH_ZERO which when provided grantees that the hash
table that is returned by alloc_large_system_hash() is zeroed.  In most
cases that is what is needed by the caller.  Use page level allocator's
__GFP_ZERO flags to zero the memory.  It is using memset() which is
efficient method to zero memory and is optimized for most platforms.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1488432825-92126-3-git-send-email-pasha.tatashin@oracle.com
Signed-off-by: Pavel Tatashin <pasha.tatashin@oracle.com>
Reviewed-by: Babu Moger <babu.moger@oracle.com>
Cc: David Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Cc: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
 2017-07-06 16:24:33 -07:00
Michal Hocko
2d070eab2e mm: consider zone which is not fully populated to have holes 
__pageblock_pfn_to_page has two users currently, set_zone_contiguous
which checks whether the given zone contains holes and
pageblock_pfn_to_page which then carefully returns a first valid page
from the given pfn range for the given zone.  This doesn't handle zones
which are not fully populated though.  Memory pageblocks can be offlined
or might not have been onlined yet.  In such a case the zone should be
considered to have holes otherwise pfn walkers can touch and play with
offline pages.

Current callers of pageblock_pfn_to_page in compaction seem to work
properly right now because they only isolate PageBuddy
(isolate_freepages_block) or PageLRU resp.  __PageMovable
(isolate_migratepages_block) which will be always false for these pages.
It would be safer to skip these pages altogether, though.

In order to do this patch adds a new memory section state
(SECTION_IS_ONLINE) which is set in memory_present (during boot time) or
in online_pages_range during the memory hotplug.  Similarly
offline_mem_sections clears the bit and it is called when the memory
range is offlined.

pfn_to_online_page helper is then added which check the mem section and
only returns a page if it is onlined already.

Use the new helper in __pageblock_pfn_to_page and skip the whole page
block in such a case.

[mhocko@suse.com: check valid section number in pfn_to_online_page (Vlastimil),
 mark sections online after all struct pages are initialized in
 online_pages_range (Vlastimil)]
  Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170518164210.GD18333@dhcp22.suse.cz
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170515085827.16474-8-mhocko@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Balbir Singh <bsingharora@gmail.com>
Cc: Dan Williams <dan.j.williams@intel.com>
Cc: Daniel Kiper <daniel.kiper@oracle.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Cc: Igor Mammedov <imammedo@redhat.com>
Cc: Jerome Glisse <jglisse@redhat.com>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <js1304@gmail.com>
Cc: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Reza Arbab <arbab@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Tobias Regnery <tobias.regnery@gmail.com>
Cc: Toshi Kani <toshi.kani@hpe.com>
Cc: Vitaly Kuznetsov <vkuznets@redhat.com>
Cc: Xishi Qiu <qiuxishi@huawei.com>
Cc: Yasuaki Ishimatsu <isimatu.yasuaki@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
 2017-07-06 16:24:32 -07:00
Michal Hocko
dc0bbf3b7f mm: remove return value from init_currently_empty_zone 
Patch series "mm: make movable onlining suck less", v4.

Movable onlining is a real hack with many downsides - mainly
reintroduction of lowmem/highmem issues we used to have on 32b systems -
but it is the only way to make the memory hotremove more reliable which
is something that people are asking for.

The current semantic of memory movable onlinening is really cumbersome,
however.  The main reason for this is that the udev driven approach is
basically unusable because udev races with the memory probing while only
the last memory block or the one adjacent to the existing zone_movable
are allowed to be onlined movable.  In short the criterion for the
successful online_movable changes under udev's feet.  A reliable udev
approach would require a 2 phase approach where the first successful
movable online would have to check all the previous blocks and online
them in descending order.  This is hard to be considered sane.

This patchset aims at making the onlining semantic more usable.  First
of all it allows to online memory movable as long as it doesn't clash
with the existing ZONE_NORMAL.  That means that ZONE_NORMAL and
ZONE_MOVABLE cannot overlap.  Currently I preserve the original ordering
semantic so the zone always precedes the movable zone but I have plans
to remove this restriction in future because it is not really necessary.

First 3 patches are cleanups which should be ready to be merged right
away (unless I have missed something subtle of course).

Patch 4 deals with ZONE_DEVICE dependencies down the __add_pages path.

Patch 5 deals with implicit assumptions of register_one_node on pgdat
initialization.

Patches 6-10 deal with offline holes in the zone for pfn walkers.  I
hope I got all of them right but people familiar with compaction should
double check this.

Patch 11 is the core of the change.  In order to make it easier to
review I have tried it to be as minimalistic as possible and the large
code removal is moved to patch 14.

Patch 12 is a trivial follow up cleanup.  Patch 13 fixes sparse warnings
and finally patch 14 removes the unused code.

I have tested the patches in kvm:
  # qemu-system-x86_64 -enable-kvm -monitor pty -m 2G,slots=4,maxmem=4G -numa node,mem=1G -numa node,mem=1G ...

and then probed the additional memory by
  (qemu) object_add memory-backend-ram,id=mem1,size=1G
  (qemu) device_add pc-dimm,id=dimm1,memdev=mem1

Then I have used this simple script to probe the memory block by hand
  # cat probe_memblock.sh
  #!/bin/sh

  BLOCK_NR=$1

  # echo $((0x100000000+$BLOCK_NR*(128<<20))) > /sys/devices/system/memory/probe

  # for i in $(seq 10); do sh probe_memblock.sh $i; done
  # grep . /sys/devices/system/memory/memory3?/valid_zones 2>/dev/null
  /sys/devices/system/memory/memory33/valid_zones:Normal Movable
  /sys/devices/system/memory/memory34/valid_zones:Normal Movable
  /sys/devices/system/memory/memory35/valid_zones:Normal Movable
  /sys/devices/system/memory/memory36/valid_zones:Normal Movable
  /sys/devices/system/memory/memory37/valid_zones:Normal Movable
  /sys/devices/system/memory/memory38/valid_zones:Normal Movable
  /sys/devices/system/memory/memory39/valid_zones:Normal Movable

The main difference to the original implementation is that all new
memblocks can be both online_kernel and online_movable initially because
there is no clash obviously.  For the comparison the original
implementation would have

  /sys/devices/system/memory/memory33/valid_zones:Normal
  /sys/devices/system/memory/memory34/valid_zones:Normal
  /sys/devices/system/memory/memory35/valid_zones:Normal
  /sys/devices/system/memory/memory36/valid_zones:Normal
  /sys/devices/system/memory/memory37/valid_zones:Normal
  /sys/devices/system/memory/memory38/valid_zones:Normal
  /sys/devices/system/memory/memory39/valid_zones:Normal Movable

Now
  # echo online_movable > /sys/devices/system/memory/memory34/state
  # grep . /sys/devices/system/memory/memory3?/valid_zones 2>/dev/null
  /sys/devices/system/memory/memory33/valid_zones:Normal Movable
  /sys/devices/system/memory/memory34/valid_zones:Movable
  /sys/devices/system/memory/memory35/valid_zones:Movable
  /sys/devices/system/memory/memory36/valid_zones:Movable
  /sys/devices/system/memory/memory37/valid_zones:Movable
  /sys/devices/system/memory/memory38/valid_zones:Movable
  /sys/devices/system/memory/memory39/valid_zones:Movable

Block 33 can still be online both kernel and movable while all
the remaining can be only movable.

/proc/zonelist says
  Node 0, zone   Normal
    pages free     0
          min      0
          low      0
          high     0
          spanned  0
          present  0
  --
  Node 0, zone  Movable
    pages free     32753
          min      85
          low      117
          high     149
          spanned  32768
          present  32768

A new memblock at a lower address will result in a new memblock (32)
which will still allow both Normal and Movable.

  # sh probe_memblock.sh 0
  # grep . /sys/devices/system/memory/memory3[2-5]/valid_zones 2>/dev/null
  /sys/devices/system/memory/memory32/valid_zones:Normal Movable
  /sys/devices/system/memory/memory33/valid_zones:Normal Movable
  /sys/devices/system/memory/memory34/valid_zones:Movable
  /sys/devices/system/memory/memory35/valid_zones:Movable

and online_kernel will convert it to the zone normal properly
while 33 can be still onlined both ways.

  # echo online_kernel > /sys/devices/system/memory/memory32/state
  # grep . /sys/devices/system/memory/memory3[2-5]/valid_zones 2>/dev/null
  /sys/devices/system/memory/memory32/valid_zones:Normal
  /sys/devices/system/memory/memory33/valid_zones:Normal Movable
  /sys/devices/system/memory/memory34/valid_zones:Movable
  /sys/devices/system/memory/memory35/valid_zones:Movable

/proc/zoneinfo will now tell
  Node 0, zone   Normal
    pages free     65441
          min      165
          low      230
          high     295
          spanned  65536
          present  65536
  --
  Node 0, zone  Movable
    pages free     32740
          min      82
          low      114
          high     146
          spanned  32768
          present  32768

so both zones have one memblock spanned and present.

Onlining 39 should associate this block to the movable zone

  # echo online > /sys/devices/system/memory/memory39/state

/proc/zoneinfo will now tell
  Node 0, zone   Normal
    pages free     32765
          min      80
          low      112
          high     144
          spanned  32768
          present  32768
  --
  Node 0, zone  Movable
    pages free     65501
          min      160
          low      225
          high     290
          spanned  196608
          present  65536

so we will have a movable zone which spans 6 memblocks, 2 present and 4
representing a hole.

Offlining both movable blocks will lead to the zone with no present
pages which is the expected behavior I believe.

  # echo offline > /sys/devices/system/memory/memory39/state
  # echo offline > /sys/devices/system/memory/memory34/state
  # grep -A6 "Movable\|Normal" /proc/zoneinfo
  Node 0, zone   Normal
    pages free     32735
          min      90
          low      122
          high     154
          spanned  32768
          present  32768
  --
  Node 0, zone  Movable
    pages free     0
          min      0
          low      0
          high     0
          spanned  196608
          present  0

As a bonus we will get a nice cleanup in the memory hotplug codebase.

This patch (of 16):

init_currently_empty_zone doesn't have any error to return yet it is
still an int and callers try to be defensive and try to handle potential
error.  Remove this nonsense and simplify all callers.

This patch shouldn't have any visible effect

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170515085827.16474-2-mhocko@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Reviewed-by: Yasuaki Ishimatsu <isimatu.yasuaki@jp.fujitsu.com>
Acked-by: Balbir Singh <bsingharora@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Dan Williams <dan.j.williams@intel.com>
Cc: Daniel Kiper <daniel.kiper@oracle.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Cc: Igor Mammedov <imammedo@redhat.com>
Cc: Jerome Glisse <jglisse@redhat.com>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <js1304@gmail.com>
Cc: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Reza Arbab <arbab@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Tobias Regnery <tobias.regnery@gmail.com>
Cc: Toshi Kani <toshi.kani@hpe.com>
Cc: Vitaly Kuznetsov <vkuznets@redhat.com>
Cc: Xishi Qiu <qiuxishi@huawei.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
 2017-07-06 16:24:32 -07:00
Michal Hocko
864b9a393d mm: consider memblock reservations for deferred memory initialization sizing 
We have seen an early OOM killer invocation on ppc64 systems with
crashkernel=4096M:

	kthreadd invoked oom-killer: gfp_mask=0x16040c0(GFP_KERNEL|__GFP_COMP|__GFP_NOTRACK), nodemask=7, order=0, oom_score_adj=0
	kthreadd cpuset=/ mems_allowed=7
	CPU: 0 PID: 2 Comm: kthreadd Not tainted 4.4.68-1.gd7fe927-default #1
	Call Trace:
	  dump_stack+0xb0/0xf0 (unreliable)
	  dump_header+0xb0/0x258
	  out_of_memory+0x5f0/0x640
	  __alloc_pages_nodemask+0xa8c/0xc80
	  kmem_getpages+0x84/0x1a0
	  fallback_alloc+0x2a4/0x320
	  kmem_cache_alloc_node+0xc0/0x2e0
	  copy_process.isra.25+0x260/0x1b30
	  _do_fork+0x94/0x470
	  kernel_thread+0x48/0x60
	  kthreadd+0x264/0x330
	  ret_from_kernel_thread+0x5c/0xa4

	Mem-Info:
	active_anon:0 inactive_anon:0 isolated_anon:0
	 active_file:0 inactive_file:0 isolated_file:0
	 unevictable:0 dirty:0 writeback:0 unstable:0
	 slab_reclaimable:5 slab_unreclaimable:73
	 mapped:0 shmem:0 pagetables:0 bounce:0
	 free:0 free_pcp:0 free_cma:0
	Node 7 DMA free:0kB min:0kB low:0kB high:0kB active_anon:0kB inactive_anon:0kB active_file:0kB inactive_file:0kB unevictable:0kB isolated(anon):0kB isolated(file):0kB present:52428800kB managed:110016kB mlocked:0kB dirty:0kB writeback:0kB mapped:0kB shmem:0kB slab_reclaimable:320kB slab_unreclaimable:4672kB kernel_stack:1152kB pagetables:0kB unstable:0kB bounce:0kB free_pcp:0kB local_pcp:0kB free_cma:0kB writeback_tmp:0kB pages_scanned:0 all_unreclaimable? yes
	lowmem_reserve[]: 0 0 0 0
	Node 7 DMA: 0*64kB 0*128kB 0*256kB 0*512kB 0*1024kB 0*2048kB 0*4096kB 0*8192kB 0*16384kB = 0kB
	0 total pagecache pages
	0 pages in swap cache
	Swap cache stats: add 0, delete 0, find 0/0
	Free swap  = 0kB
	Total swap = 0kB
	819200 pages RAM
	0 pages HighMem/MovableOnly
	817481 pages reserved
	0 pages cma reserved
	0 pages hwpoisoned

the reason is that the managed memory is too low (only 110MB) while the
rest of the the 50GB is still waiting for the deferred intialization to
be done.  update_defer_init estimates the initial memoty to initialize
to 2GB at least but it doesn't consider any memory allocated in that
range.  In this particular case we've had

	Reserving 4096MB of memory at 128MB for crashkernel (System RAM: 51200MB)

so the low 2GB is mostly depleted.

Fix this by considering memblock allocations in the initial static
initialization estimation.  Move the max_initialise to
reset_deferred_meminit and implement a simple memblock_reserved_memory
helper which iterates all reserved blocks and sums the size of all that
start below the given address.  The cumulative size is than added on top
of the initial estimation.  This is still not ideal because
reset_deferred_meminit doesn't consider holes and so reservation might
be above the initial estimation whihch we ignore but let's make the
logic simpler until we really need to handle more complicated cases.

Fixes: 3a80a7fa79 ("mm: meminit: initialise a subset of struct pages if CONFIG_DEFERRED_STRUCT_PAGE_INIT is set")
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170531104010.GI27783@dhcp22.suse.cz
Signed-off-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Tested-by: Srikar Dronamraju <srikar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>	[4.2+]
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
 2017-06-02 15:07:38 -07:00
Tetsuo Handa
c288983ddd mm/page_alloc.c: make sure OOM victim can try allocations with no watermarks once 
Roman Gushchin has reported that the OOM killer can trivially selects
next OOM victim when a thread doing memory allocation from page fault
path was selected as first OOM victim.

    allocate invoked oom-killer: gfp_mask=0x14280ca(GFP_HIGHUSER_MOVABLE|__GFP_ZERO), nodemask=(null),  order=0, oom_score_adj=0
    allocate cpuset=/ mems_allowed=0
    CPU: 1 PID: 492 Comm: allocate Not tainted 4.12.0-rc1-mm1+ #181
    Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996), BIOS Ubuntu-1.8.2-1ubuntu1 04/01/2014
    Call Trace:
     oom_kill_process+0x219/0x3e0
     out_of_memory+0x11d/0x480
     __alloc_pages_slowpath+0xc84/0xd40
     __alloc_pages_nodemask+0x245/0x260
     alloc_pages_vma+0xa2/0x270
     __handle_mm_fault+0xca9/0x10c0
     handle_mm_fault+0xf3/0x210
     __do_page_fault+0x240/0x4e0
     trace_do_page_fault+0x37/0xe0
     do_async_page_fault+0x19/0x70
     async_page_fault+0x28/0x30
    ...
    Out of memory: Kill process 492 (allocate) score 899 or sacrifice child
    Killed process 492 (allocate) total-vm:2052368kB, anon-rss:1894576kB, file-rss:4kB, shmem-rss:0kB
    allocate: page allocation failure: order:0, mode:0x14280ca(GFP_HIGHUSER_MOVABLE|__GFP_ZERO), nodemask=(null)
    allocate cpuset=/ mems_allowed=0
    CPU: 1 PID: 492 Comm: allocate Not tainted 4.12.0-rc1-mm1+ #181
    Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996), BIOS Ubuntu-1.8.2-1ubuntu1 04/01/2014
    Call Trace:
     __alloc_pages_slowpath+0xd32/0xd40
     __alloc_pages_nodemask+0x245/0x260
     alloc_pages_vma+0xa2/0x270
     __handle_mm_fault+0xca9/0x10c0
     handle_mm_fault+0xf3/0x210
     __do_page_fault+0x240/0x4e0
     trace_do_page_fault+0x37/0xe0
     do_async_page_fault+0x19/0x70
     async_page_fault+0x28/0x30
    ...
    oom_reaper: reaped process 492 (allocate), now anon-rss:0kB, file-rss:0kB, shmem-rss:0kB
    ...
    allocate invoked oom-killer: gfp_mask=0x0(), nodemask=(null),  order=0, oom_score_adj=0
    allocate cpuset=/ mems_allowed=0
    CPU: 1 PID: 492 Comm: allocate Not tainted 4.12.0-rc1-mm1+ #181
    Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996), BIOS Ubuntu-1.8.2-1ubuntu1 04/01/2014
    Call Trace:
     oom_kill_process+0x219/0x3e0
     out_of_memory+0x11d/0x480
     pagefault_out_of_memory+0x68/0x80
     mm_fault_error+0x8f/0x190
     ? handle_mm_fault+0xf3/0x210
     __do_page_fault+0x4b2/0x4e0
     trace_do_page_fault+0x37/0xe0
     do_async_page_fault+0x19/0x70
     async_page_fault+0x28/0x30
    ...
    Out of memory: Kill process 233 (firewalld) score 10 or sacrifice child
    Killed process 233 (firewalld) total-vm:246076kB, anon-rss:20956kB, file-rss:0kB, shmem-rss:0kB

There is a race window that the OOM reaper completes reclaiming the
first victim's memory while nothing but mutex_trylock() prevents the
first victim from calling out_of_memory() from pagefault_out_of_memory()
after memory allocation for page fault path failed due to being selected
as an OOM victim.

This is a side effect of commit 9a67f6488e ("mm: consolidate
GFP_NOFAIL checks in the allocator slowpath") because that commit
silently changed the behavior from

    /* Avoid allocations with no watermarks from looping endlessly */

to

    /*
     * Give up allocations without trying memory reserves if selected
     * as an OOM victim
     */

in __alloc_pages_slowpath() by moving the location to check TIF_MEMDIE
flag.  I have noticed this change but I didn't post a patch because I
thought it is an acceptable change other than noise by warn_alloc()
because !__GFP_NOFAIL allocations are allowed to fail.  But we
overlooked that failing memory allocation from page fault path makes
difference due to the race window explained above.

While it might be possible to add a check to pagefault_out_of_memory()
that prevents the first victim from calling out_of_memory() or remove
out_of_memory() from pagefault_out_of_memory(), changing
pagefault_out_of_memory() does not suppress noise by warn_alloc() when
allocating thread was selected as an OOM victim.  There is little point
with printing similar backtraces and memory information from both
out_of_memory() and warn_alloc().

Instead, if we guarantee that current thread can try allocations with no
watermarks once when current thread looping inside
__alloc_pages_slowpath() was selected as an OOM victim, we can follow "who
can use memory reserves" rules and suppress noise by warn_alloc() and
prevent memory allocations from page fault path from calling
pagefault_out_of_memory().

If we take the comment literally, this patch would do

  -    if (test_thread_flag(TIF_MEMDIE))
  -        goto nopage;
  +    if (alloc_flags == ALLOC_NO_WATERMARKS || (gfp_mask & __GFP_NOMEMALLOC))
  +        goto nopage;

because gfp_pfmemalloc_allowed() returns false if __GFP_NOMEMALLOC is
given.  But if I recall correctly (I couldn't find the message), the
condition is meant to apply to only OOM victims despite the comment.
Therefore, this patch preserves TIF_MEMDIE check.

Fixes: 9a67f6488e ("mm: consolidate GFP_NOFAIL checks in the allocator slowpath")
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/201705192112.IAF69238.OQOHSJLFOFFMtV@I-love.SAKURA.ne.jp
Signed-off-by: Tetsuo Handa <penguin-kernel@I-love.SAKURA.ne.jp>
Reported-by: Roman Gushchin <guro@fb.com>
Tested-by: Roman Gushchin <guro@fb.com>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov.dev@gmail.com>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>	[4.11]
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
 2017-06-02 15:07:37 -07:00
Vlastimil Babka
499118e966 mm: introduce memalloc_noreclaim_{save,restore} 
The previous patch ("mm: prevent potential recursive reclaim due to
clearing PF_MEMALLOC") has shown that simply setting and clearing
PF_MEMALLOC in current->flags can result in wrongly clearing a
pre-existing PF_MEMALLOC flag and potentially lead to recursive reclaim.
Let's introduce helpers that support proper nesting by saving the
previous stat of the flag, similar to the existing memalloc_noio_* and
memalloc_nofs_* helpers.  Convert existing setting/clearing of
PF_MEMALLOC within mm to the new helpers.

There are no known issues with the converted code, but the change makes
it more robust.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170405074700.29871-3-vbabka@suse.cz
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Suggested-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Acked-by: Hillf Danton <hillf.zj@alibaba-inc.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Andrey Ryabinin <aryabinin@virtuozzo.com>
Cc: Boris Brezillon <boris.brezillon@free-electrons.com>
Cc: Chris Leech <cleech@redhat.com>
Cc: "David S. Miller" <davem@davemloft.net>
Cc: Eric Dumazet <edumazet@google.com>
Cc: Josef Bacik <jbacik@fb.com>
Cc: Lee Duncan <lduncan@suse.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Richard Weinberger <richard@nod.at>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
 2017-05-08 17:15:15 -07:00
Vlastimil Babka
62be1511b1 mm: prevent potential recursive reclaim due to clearing PF_MEMALLOC 
Patch series "more robust PF_MEMALLOC handling"

This series aims to unify the setting and clearing of PF_MEMALLOC, which
prevents recursive reclaim.  There are some places that clear the flag
unconditionally from current->flags, which may result in clearing a
pre-existing flag.  This already resulted in a bug report that Patch 1
fixes (without the new helpers, to make backporting easier).  Patch 2
introduces the new helpers, modelled after existing memalloc_noio_* and
memalloc_nofs_* helpers, and converts mm core to use them.  Patches 3
and 4 convert non-mm code.

This patch (of 4):

__alloc_pages_direct_compact() sets PF_MEMALLOC to prevent deadlock
during page migration by lock_page() (see the comment in
__unmap_and_move()).  Then it unconditionally clears the flag, which can
clear a pre-existing PF_MEMALLOC flag and result in recursive reclaim.
This was not a problem until commit a8161d1ed6 ("mm, page_alloc:
restructure direct compaction handling in slowpath"), because direct
compation was called only after direct reclaim, which was skipped when
PF_MEMALLOC flag was set.

Even now it's only a theoretical issue, as the new callsite of
__alloc_pages_direct_compact() is reached only for costly orders and
when gfp_pfmemalloc_allowed() is true, which means either
__GFP_NOMEMALLOC is in gfp_flags or in_interrupt() is true.  There is no
such known context, but let's play it safe and make
__alloc_pages_direct_compact() robust for cases where PF_MEMALLOC is
already set.

Fixes: a8161d1ed6 ("mm, page_alloc: restructure direct compaction handling in slowpath")
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170405074700.29871-2-vbabka@suse.cz
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Reported-by: Andrey Ryabinin <aryabinin@virtuozzo.com>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Acked-by: Hillf Danton <hillf.zj@alibaba-inc.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Boris Brezillon <boris.brezillon@free-electrons.com>
Cc: Chris Leech <cleech@redhat.com>
Cc: "David S. Miller" <davem@davemloft.net>
Cc: Eric Dumazet <edumazet@google.com>
Cc: Josef Bacik <jbacik@fb.com>
Cc: Lee Duncan <lduncan@suse.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Richard Weinberger <richard@nod.at>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
 2017-05-08 17:15:15 -07:00
Vlastimil Babka
282722b0d2 mm, compaction: restrict async compaction to pageblocks of same migratetype 
The migrate scanner in async compaction is currently limited to
MIGRATE_MOVABLE pageblocks.  This is a heuristic intended to reduce
latency, based on the assumption that non-MOVABLE pageblocks are
unlikely to contain movable pages.

However, with the exception of THP's, most high-order allocations are
not movable.  Should the async compaction succeed, this increases the
chance that the non-MOVABLE allocations will fallback to a MOVABLE
pageblock, making the long-term fragmentation worse.

This patch attempts to help the situation by changing async direct
compaction so that the migrate scanner only scans the pageblocks of the
requested migratetype.  If it's a non-MOVABLE type and there are such
pageblocks that do contain movable pages, chances are that the
allocation can succeed within one of such pageblocks, removing the need
for a fallback.  If that fails, the subsequent sync attempt will ignore
this restriction.

In testing based on 4.9 kernel with stress-highalloc from mmtests
configured for order-4 GFP_KERNEL allocations, this patch has reduced
the number of unmovable allocations falling back to movable pageblocks
by 30%.  The number of movable allocations falling back is reduced by
12%.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170307131545.28577-8-vbabka@suse.cz
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
 2017-05-08 17:15:10 -07:00
Vlastimil Babka
02aa0cdd72 mm, page_alloc: count movable pages when stealing from pageblock 
When stealing pages from pageblock of a different migratetype, we count
how many free pages were stolen, and change the pageblock's migratetype
if more than half of the pageblock was free.  This might be too
conservative, as there might be other pages that are not free, but were
allocated with the same migratetype as our allocation requested.

While we cannot determine the migratetype of allocated pages precisely
(at least without the page_owner functionality enabled), we can count
pages that compaction would try to isolate for migration - those are
either on LRU or __PageMovable().  The rest can be assumed to be
MIGRATE_RECLAIMABLE or MIGRATE_UNMOVABLE, which we cannot easily
distinguish.  This counting can be done as part of free page stealing
with little additional overhead.

The page stealing code is changed so that it considers free pages plus
pages of the "good" migratetype for the decision whether to change
pageblock's migratetype.

The result should be more accurate migratetype of pageblocks wrt the
actual pages in the pageblocks, when stealing from semi-occupied
pageblocks.  This should help the efficiency of page grouping by
mobility.

In testing based on 4.9 kernel with stress-highalloc from mmtests
configured for order-4 GFP_KERNEL allocations, this patch has reduced
the number of unmovable allocations falling back to movable pageblocks
by 47%.  The number of movable allocations falling back to other
pageblocks are increased by 55%, but these events don't cause permanent
fragmentation, so the tradeoff should be positive.  Later patches also
offset the movable fallback increase to some extent.

[akpm@linux-foundation.org: merge fix]
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170307131545.28577-5-vbabka@suse.cz
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
 2017-05-08 17:15:10 -07:00
Vlastimil Babka
3bc48f96cf mm, page_alloc: split smallest stolen page in fallback 
The __rmqueue_fallback() function is called when there's no free page of
requested migratetype, and we need to steal from a different one.

There are various heuristics to make this event infrequent and reduce
permanent fragmentation.  The main one is to try stealing from a
pageblock that has the most free pages, and possibly steal them all at
once and convert the whole pageblock.  Precise searching for such
pageblock would be expensive, so instead the heuristics walks the free
lists from MAX_ORDER down to requested order and assumes that the block
with highest-order free page is likely to also have the most free pages
in total.

Chances are that together with the highest-order page, we steal also
pages of lower orders from the same block.  But then we still split the
highest order page.  This is wasteful and can contribute to
fragmentation instead of avoiding it.

This patch thus changes __rmqueue_fallback() to just steal the page(s)
and put them on the freelist of the requested migratetype, and only
report whether it was successful.  Then we pick (and eventually split)
the smallest page with __rmqueue_smallest().  This all happens under
zone lock, so nobody can steal it from us in the process.  This should
reduce fragmentation due to fallbacks.  At worst we are only stealing a
single highest-order page and waste some cycles by moving it between
lists and then removing it, but fallback is not exactly hot path so that
should not be a concern.  As a side benefit the patch removes some
duplicate code by reusing __rmqueue_smallest().

[vbabka@suse.cz: fix endless loop in the modified __rmqueue()]
  Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/59d71b35-d556-4fc9-ee2e-1574259282fd@suse.cz
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170307131545.28577-4-vbabka@suse.cz
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
 2017-05-08 17:15:09 -07:00
Linus Torvalds
4c174688ee New features for this release: 
o Pretty much a full rewrite of the processing of function plugins.
    i.e. echo do_IRQ:stacktrace > set_ftrace_filter
 
  o The rewrite was needed to add plugins to be unique to tracing instances.
    i.e. mkdir instance/foo; cd instances/foo; echo do_IRQ:stacktrace > set_ftrace_filter
    The old way was written very hacky. This removes a lot of those hacks.
 
  o New "function-fork" tracing option. When set, pids in the set_ftrace_pid
    will have their children added when the processes with their pids
    listed in the set_ftrace_pid file forks.
 
  o Exposure of "maxactive" for kretprobe in kprobe_events
 
  o Allow for builtin init functions to be traced by the function tracer
    (via the kernel command line). Module init function tracing will come
    in the next release.
 
  o Added more selftests, and have selftests also test in an instance.
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Merge tag 'trace-v4.12' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/rostedt/linux-trace

Pull tracing updates from Steven Rostedt:
 "New features for this release:

   - Pretty much a full rewrite of the processing of function plugins.
     i.e. echo do_IRQ:stacktrace > set_ftrace_filter

   - The rewrite was needed to add plugins to be unique to tracing
     instances. i.e. mkdir instance/foo; cd instances/foo; echo
     do_IRQ:stacktrace > set_ftrace_filter The old way was written very
     hacky. This removes a lot of those hacks.

   - New "function-fork" tracing option. When set, pids in the
     set_ftrace_pid will have their children added when the processes
     with their pids listed in the set_ftrace_pid file forks.

   - Exposure of "maxactive" for kretprobe in kprobe_events

   - Allow for builtin init functions to be traced by the function
     tracer (via the kernel command line). Module init function tracing
     will come in the next release.

   - Added more selftests, and have selftests also test in an instance"

* tag 'trace-v4.12' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/rostedt/linux-trace: (60 commits)
  ring-buffer: Return reader page back into existing ring buffer
  selftests: ftrace: Allow some event trigger tests to run in an instance
  selftests: ftrace: Have some basic tests run in a tracing instance too
  selftests: ftrace: Have event tests also run in an tracing instance
  selftests: ftrace: Make func_event_triggers and func_traceonoff_triggers tests do instances
  selftests: ftrace: Allow some tests to be run in a tracing instance
  tracing/ftrace: Allow for instances to trigger their own stacktrace probes
  tracing/ftrace: Allow for the traceonoff probe be unique to instances
  tracing/ftrace: Enable snapshot function trigger to work with instances
  tracing/ftrace: Allow instances to have their own function probes
  tracing/ftrace: Add a better way to pass data via the probe functions
  ftrace: Dynamically create the probe ftrace_ops for the trace_array
  tracing: Pass the trace_array into ftrace_probe_ops functions
  tracing: Have the trace_array hold the list of registered func probes
  ftrace: If the hash for a probe fails to update then free what was initialized
  ftrace: Have the function probes call their own function
  ftrace: Have each function probe use its own ftrace_ops
  ftrace: Have unregister_ftrace_function_probe_func() return a value
  ftrace: Add helper function ftrace_hash_move_and_update_ops()
  ftrace: Remove data field from ftrace_func_probe structure
  ...
 2017-05-03 18:41:21 -07:00
Tetsuo Handa
0f7896f12b mm, page_alloc: remove debug_guardpage_minorder() test in warn_alloc() 
Commit c0a32fc5a2 ("mm: more intensive memory corruption debugging")
changed to check debug_guardpage_minorder() > 0 when reporting
allocation failures.  The reasoning was

  When we use guard page to debug memory corruption, it shrinks
  available pages to 1/2, 1/4, 1/8 and so on, depending on parameter
  value. In such case memory allocation failures can be common and
  printing errors can flood dmesg. If somebody debug corruption,
  allocation failures are not the things he/she is interested about.

but this is misguided.

Allocation requests with __GFP_NOWARN flag by definition do not cause
flooding of allocation failure messages.  Allocation requests with
__GFP_NORETRY flag likely also have __GFP_NOWARN flag.  Costly
allocation requests likely also have __GFP_NOWARN flag.

Allocation requests without __GFP_DIRECT_RECLAIM flag likely also have
__GFP_NOWARN flag or __GFP_HIGH flag.  Non-costly allocation requests
with __GFP_DIRECT_RECLAIM flag basically retry forever due to the "too
small to fail" memory-allocation rule.

Therefore, as a whole, shrinking available pages by
debug_guardpage_minorder= kernel boot parameter might cause flooding of
OOM killer messages but unlikely causes flooding of allocation failure
messages.  Let's remove debug_guardpage_minorder() > 0 check which would
likely be pointless.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1491910035-4231-1-git-send-email-penguin-kernel@I-love.SAKURA.ne.jp
Signed-off-by: Tetsuo Handa <penguin-kernel@I-love.SAKURA.ne.jp>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Stanislaw Gruszka <sgruszka@redhat.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: "Rafael J . Wysocki" <rafael.j.wysocki@intel.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
 2017-05-03 15:52:11 -07:00
Vinayak Menon
bd33ef3681 mm: enable page poisoning early at boot 
On SPARSEMEM systems page poisoning is enabled after buddy is up,
because of the dependency on page extension init.  This causes the pages
released by free_all_bootmem not to be poisoned.  This either delays or
misses the identification of some issues because the pages have to
undergo another cycle of alloc-free-alloc for any corruption to be
detected.

Enable page poisoning early by getting rid of the PAGE_EXT_DEBUG_POISON
flag.  Since all the free pages will now be poisoned, the flag need not
be verified before checking the poison during an alloc.

[vinmenon@codeaurora.org: fix Kconfig]
  Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1490878002-14423-1-git-send-email-vinmenon@codeaurora.org
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1490358246-11001-1-git-send-email-vinmenon@codeaurora.org
Signed-off-by: Vinayak Menon <vinmenon@codeaurora.org>
Acked-by: Laura Abbott <labbott@redhat.com>
Tested-by: Laura Abbott <labbott@redhat.com>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Akinobu Mita <akinobu.mita@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
 2017-05-03 15:52:10 -07:00
Johannes Weiner
8225196341 mm: page_alloc: __GFP_NOWARN shouldn't suppress stall warnings 
__GFP_NOWARN, which is usually added to avoid warnings from callsites
that expect to fail and have fallbacks, currently also suppresses
allocation stall warnings.  These trigger when an allocation is stuck
inside the allocator for 10 seconds or longer.

But there is no class of allocations that can get legitimately stuck in
the allocator for this long.  This always indicates a problem.

Always emit stall warnings.  Restrict __GFP_NOWARN to alloc failures.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170125181150.GA16398@cmpxchg.org
Signed-off-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Acked-by: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org>
Cc: Tetsuo Handa <penguin-kernel@I-love.SAKURA.ne.jp>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
 2017-05-03 15:52:09 -07:00
Michal Hocko
7dea19f9ee mm: introduce memalloc_nofs_{save,restore} API 
GFP_NOFS context is used for the following 5 reasons currently:

 - to prevent from deadlocks when the lock held by the allocation
   context would be needed during the memory reclaim

 - to prevent from stack overflows during the reclaim because the
   allocation is performed from a deep context already

 - to prevent lockups when the allocation context depends on other
   reclaimers to make a forward progress indirectly

 - just in case because this would be safe from the fs POV

 - silence lockdep false positives

Unfortunately overuse of this allocation context brings some problems to
the MM.  Memory reclaim is much weaker (especially during heavy FS
metadata workloads), OOM killer cannot be invoked because the MM layer
doesn't have enough information about how much memory is freeable by the
FS layer.

In many cases it is far from clear why the weaker context is even used
and so it might be used unnecessarily.  We would like to get rid of
those as much as possible.  One way to do that is to use the flag in
scopes rather than isolated cases.  Such a scope is declared when really
necessary, tracked per task and all the allocation requests from within
the context will simply inherit the GFP_NOFS semantic.

Not only this is easier to understand and maintain because there are
much less problematic contexts than specific allocation requests, this
also helps code paths where FS layer interacts with other layers (e.g.
crypto, security modules, MM etc...) and there is no easy way to convey
the allocation context between the layers.

Introduce memalloc_nofs_{save,restore} API to control the scope of
GFP_NOFS allocation context.  This is basically copying
memalloc_noio_{save,restore} API we have for other restricted allocation
context GFP_NOIO.  The PF_MEMALLOC_NOFS flag already exists and it is
just an alias for PF_FSTRANS which has been xfs specific until recently.
There are no more PF_FSTRANS users anymore so let's just drop it.

PF_MEMALLOC_NOFS is now checked in the MM layer and drops __GFP_FS
implicitly same as PF_MEMALLOC_NOIO drops __GFP_IO.  memalloc_noio_flags
is renamed to current_gfp_context because it now cares about both
PF_MEMALLOC_NOFS and PF_MEMALLOC_NOIO contexts.  Xfs code paths preserve
their semantic.  kmem_flags_convert() doesn't need to evaluate the flag
anymore.

This patch shouldn't introduce any functional changes.

Let's hope that filesystems will drop direct GFP_NOFS (resp.  ~__GFP_FS)
usage as much as possible and only use a properly documented
memalloc_nofs_{save,restore} checkpoints where they are appropriate.

[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix comment typo, reflow comment]
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170306131408.9828-5-mhocko@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Dave Chinner <david@fromorbit.com>
Cc: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
Cc: Chris Mason <clm@fb.com>
Cc: David Sterba <dsterba@suse.cz>
Cc: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Cc: Brian Foster <bfoster@redhat.com>
Cc: Darrick J. Wong <darrick.wong@oracle.com>
Cc: Nikolay Borisov <nborisov@suse.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
 2017-05-03 15:52:09 -07:00
Xishi Qiu
a6ffdc0784 mm: use is_migrate_highatomic() to simplify the code 
Introduce two helpers, is_migrate_highatomic() and is_migrate_highatomic_page().

Simplify the code, no functional changes.

[akpm@linux-foundation.org: use static inlines rather than macros, per mhocko]
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/58B94F15.6060606@huawei.com
Signed-off-by: Xishi Qiu <qiuxishi@huawei.com>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
 2017-05-03 15:52:08 -07:00
Johannes Weiner
491d79ae77 mm: remove unnecessary back-off function when retrying page reclaim 
The backoff mechanism is not needed.  If we have MAX_RECLAIM_RETRIES
loops without progress, we'll OOM anyway; backing off might cut one or
two iterations off that in the rare OOM case.  If we have intermittent
success reclaiming a few pages, the backoff function gets reset also,
and so is of little help in these scenarios.

We might want a backoff function for when there IS progress, but not
enough to be satisfactory.  But this isn't that.  Remove it.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170228214007.5621-10-hannes@cmpxchg.org
Signed-off-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Acked-by: Hillf Danton <hillf.zj@alibaba-inc.com>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Jia He <hejianet@gmail.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
 2017-05-03 15:52:08 -07:00
Johannes Weiner
c822f6223d mm: delete NR_PAGES_SCANNED and pgdat_reclaimable() 
NR_PAGES_SCANNED counts number of pages scanned since the last page free
event in the allocator.  This was used primarily to measure the
reclaimability of zones and nodes, and determine when reclaim should
give up on them.  In that role, it has been replaced in the preceding
patches by a different mechanism.

Being implemented as an efficient vmstat counter, it was automatically
exported to userspace as well.  It's however unlikely that anyone
outside the kernel is using this counter in any meaningful way.

Remove the counter and the unused pgdat_reclaimable().

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170228214007.5621-8-hannes@cmpxchg.org
Signed-off-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Acked-by: Hillf Danton <hillf.zj@alibaba-inc.com>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Jia He <hejianet@gmail.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
 2017-05-03 15:52:08 -07:00
Johannes Weiner
c73322d098 mm: fix 100% CPU kswapd busyloop on unreclaimable nodes 
Patch series "mm: kswapd spinning on unreclaimable nodes - fixes and
cleanups".

Jia reported a scenario in which the kswapd of a node indefinitely spins
at 100% CPU usage.  We have seen similar cases at Facebook.

The kernel's current method of judging its ability to reclaim a node (or
whether to back off and sleep) is based on the amount of scanned pages
in proportion to the amount of reclaimable pages.  In Jia's and our
scenarios, there are no reclaimable pages in the node, however, and the
condition for backing off is never met.  Kswapd busyloops in an attempt
to restore the watermarks while having nothing to work with.

This series reworks the definition of an unreclaimable node based not on
scanning but on whether kswapd is able to actually reclaim pages in
MAX_RECLAIM_RETRIES (16) consecutive runs.  This is the same criteria
the page allocator uses for giving up on direct reclaim and invoking the
OOM killer.  If it cannot free any pages, kswapd will go to sleep and
leave further attempts to direct reclaim invocations, which will either
make progress and re-enable kswapd, or invoke the OOM killer.

Patch #1 fixes the immediate problem Jia reported, the remainder are
smaller fixlets, cleanups, and overall phasing out of the old method.

Patch #6 is the odd one out.  It's a nice cleanup to get_scan_count(),
and directly related to #5, but in itself not relevant to the series.

If the whole series is too ambitious for 4.11, I would consider the
first three patches fixes, the rest cleanups.

This patch (of 9):

Jia He reports a problem with kswapd spinning at 100% CPU when
requesting more hugepages than memory available in the system:

$ echo 4000 >/proc/sys/vm/nr_hugepages

top - 13:42:59 up  3:37,  1 user,  load average: 1.09, 1.03, 1.01
Tasks:   1 total,   1 running,   0 sleeping,   0 stopped,   0 zombie
%Cpu(s):  0.0 us, 12.5 sy,  0.0 ni, 85.5 id,  2.0 wa,  0.0 hi,  0.0 si,  0.0 st
KiB Mem:  31371520 total, 30915136 used,   456384 free,      320 buffers
KiB Swap:  6284224 total,   115712 used,  6168512 free.    48192 cached Mem

  PID USER      PR  NI    VIRT    RES    SHR S  %CPU  %MEM     TIME+ COMMAND
   76 root      20   0       0      0      0 R 100.0 0.000 217:17.29 kswapd3

At that time, there are no reclaimable pages left in the node, but as
kswapd fails to restore the high watermarks it refuses to go to sleep.

Kswapd needs to back away from nodes that fail to balance.  Up until
commit 1d82de618d ("mm, vmscan: make kswapd reclaim in terms of
nodes") kswapd had such a mechanism.  It considered zones whose
theoretically reclaimable pages it had reclaimed six times over as
unreclaimable and backed away from them.  This guard was erroneously
removed as the patch changed the definition of a balanced node.

However, simply restoring this code wouldn't help in the case reported
here: there *are* no reclaimable pages that could be scanned until the
threshold is met.  Kswapd would stay awake anyway.

Introduce a new and much simpler way of backing off.  If kswapd runs
through MAX_RECLAIM_RETRIES (16) cycles without reclaiming a single
page, make it back off from the node.  This is the same number of shots
direct reclaim takes before declaring OOM.  Kswapd will go to sleep on
that node until a direct reclaimer manages to reclaim some pages, thus
proving the node reclaimable again.

[hannes@cmpxchg.org: check kswapd failure against the cumulative nr_reclaimed count]
  Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170306162410.GB2090@cmpxchg.org
[shakeelb@google.com: fix condition for throttle_direct_reclaim]
  Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170314183228.20152-1-shakeelb@google.com
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170228214007.5621-2-hannes@cmpxchg.org
Signed-off-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Signed-off-by: Shakeel Butt <shakeelb@google.com>
Reported-by: Jia He <hejianet@gmail.com>
Tested-by: Jia He <hejianet@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Acked-by: Hillf Danton <hillf.zj@alibaba-inc.com>
Acked-by: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
 2017-05-03 15:52:07 -07:00
Linus Torvalds
c58d4055c0 A reasonably busy cycle for documentation this time around. There is a new 
guide for user-space API documents, rather sparsely populated at the
 moment, but it's a start.  Markus improved the infrastructure for
 converting diagrams.  Mauro has converted much of the USB documentation
 over to RST.  Plus the usual set of fixes, improvements, and tweaks.
 
 There's a bit more than the usual amount of reaching out of Documentation/
 to fix comments elsewhere in the tree; I have acks for those where I could
 get them.
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Merge tag 'docs-4.12' of git://git.lwn.net/linux

Pull documentation update from Jonathan Corbet:
 "A reasonably busy cycle for documentation this time around. There is a
  new guide for user-space API documents, rather sparsely populated at
  the moment, but it's a start. Markus improved the infrastructure for
  converting diagrams. Mauro has converted much of the USB documentation
  over to RST. Plus the usual set of fixes, improvements, and tweaks.

  There's a bit more than the usual amount of reaching out of
  Documentation/ to fix comments elsewhere in the tree; I have acks for
  those where I could get them"

* tag 'docs-4.12' of git://git.lwn.net/linux: (74 commits)
  docs: Fix a couple typos
  docs: Fix a spelling error in vfio-mediated-device.txt
  docs: Fix a spelling error in ioctl-number.txt
  MAINTAINERS: update file entry for HSI subsystem
  Documentation: allow installing man pages to a user defined directory
  Doc/PM: Sync with intel_powerclamp code behavior
  zr364xx.rst: usb/devices is now at /sys/kernel/debug/
  usb.rst: move documentation from proc_usb_info.txt to USB ReST book
  convert philips.txt to ReST and add to media docs
  docs-rst: usb: update old usbfs-related documentation
  arm: Documentation: update a path name
  docs: process/4.Coding.rst: Fix a couple of document refs
  docs-rst: fix usb cross-references
  usb: gadget.h: be consistent at kernel doc macros
  usb: composite.h: fix two warnings when building docs
  usb: get rid of some ReST doc build errors
  usb.rst: get rid of some Sphinx errors
  usb/URB.txt: convert to ReST and update it
  usb/persist.txt: convert to ReST and add to driver-api book
  usb/hotplug.txt: convert to ReST and add to driver-api book
  ...
 2017-05-02 10:21:17 -07:00
Mel Gorman
d34b0733b4 Revert "mm, page_alloc: only use per-cpu allocator for irq-safe requests" 
This reverts commit 374ad05ab6.

While the patch worked great for userspace allocations, the fact that
softirq loses the per-cpu allocator caused problems.  It needs to be
redone taking into account that a separate list is needed for hard/soft
IRQs or alternatively find a cheap way of detecting reentry due to an
interrupt.  Both are possible but sufficiently tricky that it shouldn't
be rushed.

Jesper had one method for allowing softirqs but reported that the cost
was high enough that it performed similarly to a plain revert.  His
figures for netperf TCP_STREAM were as follows

  Baseline v4.10.0  : 60316 Mbit/s
  Current 4.11.0-rc6: 47491 Mbit/s
  Jesper's patch    : 60662 Mbit/s
  This patch        : 60106 Mbit/s

As this is a regression, I wish to revert to noirq allocator for now and
go back to the drawing board.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170415145350.ixy7vtrzdzve57mh@techsingularity.net
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Reported-by: Tariq Toukan <ttoukan.linux@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Jesper Dangaard Brouer <brouer@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
 2017-04-20 15:30:18 -07:00
Michal Hocko
ce612879dd mm: move pcp and lru-pcp draining into single wq 
We currently have 2 specific WQ_RECLAIM workqueues in the mm code.
vmstat_wq for updating pcp stats and lru_add_drain_wq dedicated to drain
per cpu lru caches.  This seems more than necessary because both can run
on a single WQ.  Both do not block on locks requiring a memory
allocation nor perform any allocations themselves.  We will save one
rescuer thread this way.

On the other hand drain_all_pages() queues work on the system wq which
doesn't have rescuer and so this depend on memory allocation (when all
workers are stuck allocating and new ones cannot be created).

Initially we thought this would be more of a theoretical problem but
Hugh Dickins has reported:

: 4.11-rc has been giving me hangs after hours of swapping load.  At
: first they looked like memory leaks ("fork: Cannot allocate memory");
: but for no good reason I happened to do "cat /proc/sys/vm/stat_refresh"
: before looking at /proc/meminfo one time, and the stat_refresh stuck
: in D state, waiting for completion of flush_work like many kworkers.
: kthreadd waiting for completion of flush_work in drain_all_pages().

This worker should be using WQ_RECLAIM as well in order to guarantee a
forward progress.  We can reuse the same one as for lru draining and
vmstat.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170307131751.24936-1-mhocko@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Suggested-by: Tetsuo Handa <penguin-kernel@I-love.SAKURA.ne.jp>
Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Tested-by: Yang Li <pku.leo@gmail.com>
Tested-by: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
 2017-04-08 00:47:49 -07:00
Alexander Polakov
1f06b81aea mm/page_alloc.c: fix print order in show_free_areas() 
Fixes: 11fb998986 ("mm: move most file-based accounting to the node")
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1490377730.30219.2.camel@beget.ru
Signed-off-by: Alexander Polyakov <apolyakov@beget.com>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>	[4.8+]
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
 2017-04-08 00:47:48 -07:00
Steven Rostedt (VMware)
b80f0f6c9e ftrace: Have init/main.c call ftrace directly to free init memory 
Relying on free_reserved_area() to call ftrace to free init memory proved to
not be sufficient. The issue is that on x86, when debug_pagealloc is
enabled, the init memory is not freed, but simply set as not present. Since
ftrace was uninformed of this, starting function tracing still tries to
update pages that are not present according to the page tables, causing
ftrace to bug, as well as killing the kernel itself.

Instead of relying on free_reserved_area(), have init/main.c call ftrace
directly just before it frees the init memory. Then it needs to use
__init_begin and __init_end to know where the init memory location is.
Looking at all archs (and testing what I can), it appears that this should
work for each of them.

Reported-by: kernel test robot <xiaolong.ye@intel.com>
Reported-by: Fengguang Wu <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt (VMware) <rostedt@goodmis.org>
 2017-04-03 14:04:00 -04:00
mchehab@s-opensource.com
0e056eb553 kernel-api.rst: fix a series of errors when parsing C files 
./lib/string.c:134: WARNING: Inline emphasis start-string without end-string.
./mm/filemap.c:522: WARNING: Inline interpreted text or phrase reference start-string without end-string.
./mm/filemap.c:1283: ERROR: Unexpected indentation.
./mm/filemap.c:3003: WARNING: Inline interpreted text or phrase reference start-string without end-string.
./mm/vmalloc.c:1544: WARNING: Inline emphasis start-string without end-string.
./mm/page_alloc.c:4245: ERROR: Unexpected indentation.
./ipc/util.c:676: ERROR: Unexpected indentation.
./drivers/pci/irq.c:35: WARNING: Block quote ends without a blank line; unexpected unindent.
./security/security.c:109: ERROR: Unexpected indentation.
./security/security.c:110: WARNING: Definition list ends without a blank line; unexpected unindent.
./block/genhd.c:275: WARNING: Inline strong start-string without end-string.
./block/genhd.c:283: WARNING: Inline strong start-string without end-string.
./include/linux/clk.h:134: WARNING: Inline emphasis start-string without end-string.
./include/linux/clk.h:134: WARNING: Inline emphasis start-string without end-string.
./ipc/util.c:477: ERROR: Unknown target name: "s".

Signed-off-by: Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab@s-opensource.com>
Acked-by: Bjorn Helgaas <bhelgaas@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>
 2017-04-02 14:31:49 -06:00
Steven Rostedt (VMware)
42c269c88d ftrace: Allow for function tracing to record init functions on boot up 
Adding a hook into free_reserve_area() that informs ftrace that boot up init
text is being free, lets ftrace safely remove those init functions from its
records, which keeps ftrace from trying to modify text that no longer
exists.

Note, this still does not allow for tracing .init text of modules, as
modules require different work for freeing its init code.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1488502497.7212.24.camel@linux.intel.com

Cc: linux-mm@kvack.org
Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Requested-by: Todd Brandt <todd.e.brandt@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt (VMware) <rostedt@goodmis.org>
 2017-03-24 20:51:49 -04:00
Tony Luck
b4fb8f66f1 mm, page_alloc: Add missing check for memory holes 
Commit 13ad59df67 ("mm, page_alloc: avoid page_to_pfn() when merging
buddies") moved the check for memory holes out of page_is_buddy() and
had the callers do the check.

But this wasn't done correctly in one place which caused ia64 to crash
very early in boot.

Update to fix that and make ia64 boot again.

[ v2: Vlastimil pointed out we don't need to call page_to_pfn()
      since we already have the result of that in "buddy_pfn" ]

Fixes: 13ad59df67 ("avoid page_to_pfn() when merging buddies")
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org>
Cc: "Kirill A. Shutemov" <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
 2017-03-08 11:10:10 -08:00
Ingo Molnar
5b3cc15aff sched/headers: Prepare to move the memalloc_noio_*() APIs to <linux/sched/mm.h> 
Update the .c files that depend on these APIs.

Acked-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Mike Galbraith <efault@gmx.de>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
 2017-03-02 08:42:33 +01:00
Masahiro Yamada
89d790ab31 scripts/spelling.txt: add "algined" pattern and fix typo instances 
Fix typos and add the following to the scripts/spelling.txt:

  algined||aligned

While we are here, fix the "appplication" in the touched line in
drivers/block/loop.c.  Also, fix the "may not naturally ..." to
"may not be naturally ..." in the touched line in mm/page_alloc.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1481573103-11329-9-git-send-email-yamada.masahiro@socionext.com
Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <yamada.masahiro@socionext.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
 2017-02-27 18:43:46 -08:00
Wei Yang
ad69444e75 mm/page_alloc.c: remove redundant init code for ZONE_MOVABLE 
arch_zone_lowest/highest_possible_pfn[] is set to 0 and [ZONE_MOVABLE]
is skipped in the loop.  No need to reset them to 0 again.

This patch just removes the redundant code.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170209141731.60208-1-richard.weiyang@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Wei Yang <richard.weiyang@gmail.com>
Cc: Anshuman Khandual <khandual@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
 2017-02-24 17:46:56 -08:00
Gavin Shan
e02dc017c3 mm/page_alloc: fix nodes for reclaim in fast path 
When @node_reclaim_node isn't 0, the page allocator tries to reclaim
pages if the amount of free memory in the zones are below the low
watermark.  On Power platform, none of NUMA nodes are scanned for page
reclaim because no nodes match the condition in zone_allows_reclaim().
On Power platform, RECLAIM_DISTANCE is set to 10 which is the distance
of Node-A to Node-A.  So the preferred node even won't be scanned for
page reclaim.

   __alloc_pages_nodemask()
   get_page_from_freelist()
      zone_allows_reclaim()

Anton proposed the test code as below:

   # cat alloc.c
      :
   int main(int argc, char *argv[])
   {
	void *p;
	unsigned long size;
	unsigned long start, end;

	start = time(NULL);
	size = strtoul(argv[1], NULL, 0);
	printf("To allocate %ldGB memory\n", size);

	size <<= 30;
	p = malloc(size);
	assert(p);
	memset(p, 0, size);

	end = time(NULL);
	printf("Used time: %ld seconds\n", end - start);
	sleep(3600);
	return 0;
   }

The system I use for testing has two NUMA nodes.  Both have 128GB
memory.  In below scnario, the page caches on node#0 should be reclaimed
when it encounters pressure to accommodate request of allocation.

   # echo 2 > /proc/sys/vm/zone_reclaim_mode; \
     sync; \
     echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches; \
   # taskset -c 0 cat file.32G > /dev/null; \
     grep FilePages /sys/devices/system/node/node0/meminfo
     Node 0 FilePages:       33619712 kB
   # taskset -c 0 ./alloc 128
   # grep FilePages /sys/devices/system/node/node0/meminfo
     Node 0 FilePages:       33619840 kB
   # grep MemFree /sys/devices/system/node/node0/meminfo
     Node 0 MemFree:          186816 kB

With the patch applied, the pagecache on node-0 is reclaimed when its
free memory is running out.  It's the expected behaviour.

   # echo 2 > /proc/sys/vm/zone_reclaim_mode; \
     sync; \
     echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches
   # taskset -c 0 cat file.32G > /dev/null; \
     grep FilePages /sys/devices/system/node/node0/meminfo
     Node 0 FilePages:       33605568 kB
   # taskset -c 0 ./alloc 128
   # grep FilePages /sys/devices/system/node/node0/meminfo
     Node 0 FilePages:        1379520 kB
   # grep MemFree /sys/devices/system/node/node0/meminfo
     Node 0 MemFree:           317120 kB

Fixes: 5f7a75acdb ("mm: page_alloc: do not cache reclaim distances")
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1486532455-29613-1-git-send-email-gwshan@linux.vnet.ibm.com
Signed-off-by: Gavin Shan <gwshan@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Anton Blanchard <anton@samba.org>
Cc: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>	[3.16+]
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
 2017-02-24 17:46:56 -08:00
Masanari Iida
f2bf14d14d mm/page_alloc.c: remove duplicate inclusion of page_ext.h 
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170202011942.1609-1-standby24x7@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Masanari Iida <standby24x7@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
 2017-02-24 17:46:55 -08:00
Lucas Stach
ca96b62534 mm: alloc_contig_range: allow to specify GFP mask 
Currently alloc_contig_range assumes that the compaction should be done
with the default GFP_KERNEL flags.  This is probably right for all
current uses of this interface, but may change as CMA is used in more
use-cases (including being the default DMA memory allocator on some
platforms).

Change the function prototype, to allow for passing through the GFP mask
set by upper layers.

Also respect global restrictions by applying memalloc_noio_flags to the
passed in flags.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170127172328.18574-1-l.stach@pengutronix.de
Signed-off-by: Lucas Stach <l.stach@pengutronix.de>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Radim Krcmar <rkrcmar@redhat.com>
Cc: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
Cc: Will Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com>
Cc: Chris Zankel <chris@zankel.net>
Cc: Ralf Baechle <ralf@linux-mips.org>
Cc: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
Cc: Alexander Graf <agraf@suse.com>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
 2017-02-24 17:46:55 -08:00
Yisheng Xie
0efadf48bc mm/hotplug: enable memory hotplug for non-lru movable pages 
We had considered all of the non-lru pages as unmovable before commit
bda807d444 ("mm: migrate: support non-lru movable page migration").
But now some of non-lru pages like zsmalloc, virtio-balloon pages also
become movable.  So we can offline such blocks by using non-lru page
migration.

This patch straightforwardly adds non-lru migration code, which means
adding non-lru related code to the functions which scan over pfn and
collect pages to be migrated and isolate them before migration.

Signed-off-by: Yisheng Xie <xieyisheng1@huawei.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Hanjun Guo <guohanjun@huawei.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: Reza Arbab <arbab@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Taku Izumi <izumi.taku@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Vitaly Kuznetsov <vkuznets@redhat.com>
Cc: Xishi Qiu <qiuxishi@huawei.com>
Cc: Yisheng Xie <xieyisheng1@huawei.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
 2017-02-24 17:46:55 -08:00
Mel Gorman
bd233f538d mm, page_alloc: use static global work_struct for draining per-cpu pages 
As suggested by Vlastimil Babka and Tejun Heo, this patch uses a static
work_struct to co-ordinate the draining of per-cpu pages on the
workqueue.  Only one task can drain at a time but this is better than
the previous scheme that allowed multiple tasks to send IPIs at a time.

One consideration is whether parallel requests should synchronise
against each other.  This patch does not synchronise for a global drain
as the common case for such callers is expected to be multiple parallel
direct reclaimers competing for pages when the watermark is close to
min.  Draining the per-cpu list is unlikely to make much progress and
serialising the drain is of dubious merit.  Drains are synchonrised for
callers such as memory hotplug and CMA that care about the drain being
complete when the function returns.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170125083038.rzb5f43nptmk7aed@techsingularity.net
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Suggested-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Suggested-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Acked-by: Hillf Danton <hillf.zj@alibaba-inc.com>
Cc: Jesper Dangaard Brouer <brouer@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
 2017-02-24 17:46:54 -08:00
Vlastimil Babka
5104782011 mm, page_alloc: don't check cpuset allowed twice in fast-path 
Since commit 682a3385e7 ("mm, page_alloc: inline the fast path of the
zonelist iterator") we replace a NULL nodemask with
cpuset_current_mems_allowed in the fast path, so that
get_page_from_freelist() filters nodes allowed by the cpuset via
for_next_zone_zonelist_nodemask().

In that case it's pointless to additionaly check __cpuset_zone_allowed()
in each iteration, which we can avoid by not adding ALLOC_CPUSET to
alloc_flags in that scenario.

This saves some cycles in the allocator fast path on systems with one or
more non-root cpuset configured.  In the slow path, ALLOC_CPUSET is
reset according to __alloc_pages_slowpath().  Without configured
cpusets, this code is disabled by a static key.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170124150511.5710-2-vbabka@suse.cz
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Reviewed-by: Anshuman Khandual <khandual@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Anshuman Khandual <khandual@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
 2017-02-24 17:46:54 -08:00
Vlastimil Babka
df76cee6bb mm, page_alloc: remove redundant checks from alloc fastpath 
The allocation fast path contains two similar checks for zoneref->zone
being NULL, where zoneref points either to the first zone in the
zonelist, or to the preferred zone.  These can be NULL either due to
empty zonelist, or no zone being compatible with given nodemask or
task's cpuset.

These checks are unnecessary, because the zonelist walks in
first_zones_zonelist() and get_page_from_freelist() handle a NULL
starting zoneref->zone or preferred_zoneref->zone safely.  It's safe to
fallback to __alloc_pages_slowpath() where we also have the check early
enough.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170124150511.5710-1-vbabka@suse.cz
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org>
Cc: Anshuman Khandual <khandual@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
 2017-02-24 17:46:54 -08:00
Mel Gorman
374ad05ab6 mm, page_alloc: only use per-cpu allocator for irq-safe requests 
Many workloads that allocate pages are not handling an interrupt at a
time.  As allocation requests may be from IRQ context, it's necessary to
disable/enable IRQs for every page allocation.  This cost is the bulk of
the free path but also a significant percentage of the allocation path.

This patch alters the locking and checks such that only irq-safe
allocation requests use the per-cpu allocator.  All others acquire the
irq-safe zone->lock and allocate from the buddy allocator.  It relies on
disabling preemption to safely access the per-cpu structures.  It could
be slightly modified to avoid soft IRQs using it but it's not clear it's
worthwhile.

This modification may slow allocations from IRQ context slightly but the
main gain from the per-cpu allocator is that it scales better for
allocations from multiple contexts.  There is an implicit assumption
that intensive allocations from IRQ contexts on multiple CPUs from a
single NUMA node are rare and that the fast majority of scaling issues
are encountered in !IRQ contexts such as page faulting.  It's worth
noting that this patch is not required for a bulk page allocator but it
significantly reduces the overhead.

The following is results from a page allocator micro-benchmark.  Only
order-0 is interesting as higher orders do not use the per-cpu allocator

                                          4.10.0-rc2                 4.10.0-rc2
                                             vanilla               irqsafe-v1r5
Amean    alloc-odr0-1               287.15 (  0.00%)           219.00 ( 23.73%)
Amean    alloc-odr0-2               221.23 (  0.00%)           183.23 ( 17.18%)
Amean    alloc-odr0-4               187.00 (  0.00%)           151.38 ( 19.05%)
Amean    alloc-odr0-8               167.54 (  0.00%)           132.77 ( 20.75%)
Amean    alloc-odr0-16              156.00 (  0.00%)           123.00 ( 21.15%)
Amean    alloc-odr0-32              149.00 (  0.00%)           118.31 ( 20.60%)
Amean    alloc-odr0-64              138.77 (  0.00%)           116.00 ( 16.41%)
Amean    alloc-odr0-128             145.00 (  0.00%)           118.00 ( 18.62%)
Amean    alloc-odr0-256             136.15 (  0.00%)           125.00 (  8.19%)
Amean    alloc-odr0-512             147.92 (  0.00%)           121.77 ( 17.68%)
Amean    alloc-odr0-1024            147.23 (  0.00%)           126.15 ( 14.32%)
Amean    alloc-odr0-2048            155.15 (  0.00%)           129.92 ( 16.26%)
Amean    alloc-odr0-4096            164.00 (  0.00%)           136.77 ( 16.60%)
Amean    alloc-odr0-8192            166.92 (  0.00%)           138.08 ( 17.28%)
Amean    alloc-odr0-16384           159.00 (  0.00%)           138.00 ( 13.21%)
Amean    free-odr0-1                165.00 (  0.00%)            89.00 ( 46.06%)
Amean    free-odr0-2                113.00 (  0.00%)            63.00 ( 44.25%)
Amean    free-odr0-4                 99.00 (  0.00%)            54.00 ( 45.45%)
Amean    free-odr0-8                 88.00 (  0.00%)            47.38 ( 46.15%)
Amean    free-odr0-16                83.00 (  0.00%)            46.00 ( 44.58%)
Amean    free-odr0-32                80.00 (  0.00%)            44.38 ( 44.52%)
Amean    free-odr0-64                72.62 (  0.00%)            43.00 ( 40.78%)
Amean    free-odr0-128               78.00 (  0.00%)            42.00 ( 46.15%)
Amean    free-odr0-256               80.46 (  0.00%)            57.00 ( 29.16%)
Amean    free-odr0-512               96.38 (  0.00%)            64.69 ( 32.88%)
Amean    free-odr0-1024             107.31 (  0.00%)            72.54 ( 32.40%)
Amean    free-odr0-2048             108.92 (  0.00%)            78.08 ( 28.32%)
Amean    free-odr0-4096             113.38 (  0.00%)            82.23 ( 27.48%)
Amean    free-odr0-8192             112.08 (  0.00%)            82.85 ( 26.08%)
Amean    free-odr0-16384            110.38 (  0.00%)            81.92 ( 25.78%)
Amean    total-odr0-1               452.15 (  0.00%)           308.00 ( 31.88%)
Amean    total-odr0-2               334.23 (  0.00%)           246.23 ( 26.33%)
Amean    total-odr0-4               286.00 (  0.00%)           205.38 ( 28.19%)
Amean    total-odr0-8               255.54 (  0.00%)           180.15 ( 29.50%)
Amean    total-odr0-16              239.00 (  0.00%)           169.00 ( 29.29%)
Amean    total-odr0-32              229.00 (  0.00%)           162.69 ( 28.96%)
Amean    total-odr0-64              211.38 (  0.00%)           159.00 ( 24.78%)
Amean    total-odr0-128             223.00 (  0.00%)           160.00 ( 28.25%)
Amean    total-odr0-256             216.62 (  0.00%)           182.00 ( 15.98%)
Amean    total-odr0-512             244.31 (  0.00%)           186.46 ( 23.68%)
Amean    total-odr0-1024            254.54 (  0.00%)           198.69 ( 21.94%)
Amean    total-odr0-2048            264.08 (  0.00%)           208.00 ( 21.24%)
Amean    total-odr0-4096            277.38 (  0.00%)           219.00 ( 21.05%)
Amean    total-odr0-8192            279.00 (  0.00%)           220.92 ( 20.82%)
Amean    total-odr0-16384           269.38 (  0.00%)           219.92 ( 18.36%)

This is the alloc, free and total overhead of allocating order-0 pages
in batches of 1 page up to 16384 pages.  Avoiding disabling/enabling
overhead massively reduces overhead.  Alloc overhead is roughly reduced
by 14-20% in most cases.  The free path is reduced by 26-46% and the
total reduction is significant.

Many users require zeroing of pages from the page allocator which is the
vast cost of allocation.  Hence, the impact on a basic page faulting
benchmark is not that significant

                              4.10.0-rc2            4.10.0-rc2
                                 vanilla          irqsafe-v1r5
Hmean    page_test   656632.98 (  0.00%)   675536.13 (  2.88%)
Hmean    brk_test   3845502.67 (  0.00%)  3867186.94 (  0.56%)
Stddev   page_test    10543.29 (  0.00%)     4104.07 ( 61.07%)
Stddev   brk_test     33472.36 (  0.00%)    15538.39 ( 53.58%)
CoeffVar page_test        1.61 (  0.00%)        0.61 ( 62.15%)
CoeffVar brk_test         0.87 (  0.00%)        0.40 ( 53.84%)
Max      page_test   666513.33 (  0.00%)   678640.00 (  1.82%)
Max      brk_test   3882800.00 (  0.00%)  3887008.66 (  0.11%)

This is from aim9 and the most notable outcome is that fault variability
is reduced by the patch.  The headline improvement is small as the
overall fault cost, zeroing, page table insertion etc dominate relative
to disabling/enabling IRQs in the per-cpu allocator.

Similarly, little benefit was seen on networking benchmarks both
localhost and between physical server/clients where other costs
dominate.  It's possible that this will only be noticable on very high
speed networks.

Jesper Dangaard Brouer independently tested this with a separate
microbenchmark from
  https://github.com/netoptimizer/prototype-kernel/tree/master/kernel/mm/bench

Micro-benchmarked with [1] page_bench02:
 modprobe page_bench02 page_order=0 run_flags=$((2#010)) loops=$((10**8)); \
  rmmod page_bench02 ; dmesg --notime | tail -n 4

Compared to baseline: 213 cycles(tsc) 53.417 ns
 - against this     : 184 cycles(tsc) 46.056 ns
 - Saving           : -29 cycles
 - Very close to expected 27 cycles saving [see below [2]]

Micro benchmarking via time_bench_sample[3], we get the cost of these
operations:

 time_bench: Type:for_loop                 Per elem: 0 cycles(tsc) 0.232 ns (step:0)
 time_bench: Type:spin_lock_unlock         Per elem: 33 cycles(tsc) 8.334 ns (step:0)
 time_bench: Type:spin_lock_unlock_irqsave Per elem: 62 cycles(tsc) 15.607 ns (step:0)
 time_bench: Type:irqsave_before_lock      Per elem: 57 cycles(tsc) 14.344 ns (step:0)
 time_bench: Type:spin_lock_unlock_irq     Per elem: 34 cycles(tsc) 8.560 ns (step:0)
 time_bench: Type:simple_irq_disable_before_lock Per elem: 37 cycles(tsc) 9.289 ns (step:0)
 time_bench: Type:local_BH_disable_enable  Per elem: 19 cycles(tsc) 4.920 ns (step:0)
 time_bench: Type:local_IRQ_disable_enable Per elem: 7 cycles(tsc) 1.864 ns (step:0)
 time_bench: Type:local_irq_save_restore   Per elem: 38 cycles(tsc) 9.665 ns (step:0)
 [Mel's patch removes a ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^]            ^^^^^^^^^ expected saving - preempt cost
 time_bench: Type:preempt_disable_enable   Per elem: 11 cycles(tsc) 2.794 ns (step:0)
 [adds a preempt  ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^]            ^^^^^^^^^ adds this cost
 time_bench: Type:funcion_call_cost        Per elem: 6 cycles(tsc) 1.689 ns (step:0)
 time_bench: Type:func_ptr_call_cost       Per elem: 11 cycles(tsc) 2.767 ns (step:0)
 time_bench: Type:page_alloc_put           Per elem: 211 cycles(tsc) 52.803 ns (step:0)

Thus, expected improvement is: 38-11 = 27 cycles.

[mgorman@techsingularity.net: s/preempt_enable_no_resched/preempt_enable/]
  Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170208143128.25ahymqlyspjcixu@techsingularity.net
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170123153906.3122-5-mgorman@techsingularity.net
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Acked-by: Hillf Danton <hillf.zj@alibaba-inc.com>
Acked-by: Jesper Dangaard Brouer <brouer@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Hillf Danton <hillf.zj@alibaba-inc.com>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
 2017-02-24 17:46:54 -08:00
Michal Hocko
a459eeb7b8 mm, page_alloc: do not depend on cpu hotplug locks inside the allocator 
Dmitry has reported the following lockdep splat
  lock_acquire+0x2a1/0x630 kernel/locking/lockdep.c:3753
  __mutex_lock_common kernel/locking/mutex.c:521 [inline]
  mutex_lock_nested+0x24e/0xff0 kernel/locking/mutex.c:621
  pcpu_alloc+0xbda/0x1280 mm/percpu.c:896
  __alloc_percpu+0x24/0x30 mm/percpu.c:1075
  smpcfd_prepare_cpu+0x73/0xd0 kernel/smp.c:44
  cpuhp_invoke_callback+0x254/0x1480 kernel/cpu.c:136
  cpuhp_up_callbacks+0x81/0x2a0 kernel/cpu.c:493
  _cpu_up+0x1e3/0x2a0 kernel/cpu.c:1057
  do_cpu_up+0x73/0xa0 kernel/cpu.c:1087
  cpu_up+0x18/0x20 kernel/cpu.c:1095
  smp_init+0xe9/0xee kernel/smp.c:564
  kernel_init_freeable+0x439/0x690 init/main.c:1010
  kernel_init+0x13/0x180 init/main.c:941
  ret_from_fork+0x2a/0x40 arch/x86/entry/entry_64.S:433

cpu_hotplug_begin
  cpu_hotplug.lock
pcpu_alloc
  pcpu_alloc_mutex

  get_online_cpus+0x62/0x90 kernel/cpu.c:248
  drain_all_pages+0xf8/0x710 mm/page_alloc.c:2385
  __alloc_pages_direct_reclaim mm/page_alloc.c:3440 [inline]
  __alloc_pages_slowpath+0x8fd/0x2370 mm/page_alloc.c:3778
  __alloc_pages_nodemask+0x8f5/0xc60 mm/page_alloc.c:3980
  __alloc_pages include/linux/gfp.h:426 [inline]
  __alloc_pages_node include/linux/gfp.h:439 [inline]
  alloc_pages_node include/linux/gfp.h:453 [inline]
  pcpu_alloc_pages mm/percpu-vm.c:93 [inline]
  pcpu_populate_chunk+0x1e1/0x900 mm/percpu-vm.c:282
  pcpu_alloc+0xe01/0x1280 mm/percpu.c:998
  __alloc_percpu_gfp+0x27/0x30 mm/percpu.c:1062
  bpf_array_alloc_percpu kernel/bpf/arraymap.c:34 [inline]
  array_map_alloc+0x532/0x710 kernel/bpf/arraymap.c:99
  find_and_alloc_map kernel/bpf/syscall.c:34 [inline]
  map_create kernel/bpf/syscall.c:188 [inline]
  SYSC_bpf kernel/bpf/syscall.c:870 [inline]
  SyS_bpf+0xd64/0x2500 kernel/bpf/syscall.c:827
  entry_SYSCALL_64_fastpath+0x1f/0xc2

pcpu_alloc
  pcpu_alloc_mutex
drain_all_pages
  get_online_cpus
    cpu_hotplug.lock

  cpu_hotplug_begin+0x206/0x2e0 kernel/cpu.c:304
  _cpu_up+0xca/0x2a0 kernel/cpu.c:1011
  do_cpu_up+0x73/0xa0 kernel/cpu.c:1087
  cpu_up+0x18/0x20 kernel/cpu.c:1095
  smp_init+0xe9/0xee kernel/smp.c:564
  kernel_init_freeable+0x439/0x690 init/main.c:1010
  kernel_init+0x13/0x180 init/main.c:941
  ret_from_fork+0x2a/0x40 arch/x86/entry/entry_64.S:433

cpu_hotplug_begin
  cpu_hotplug.lock

Pulling cpu hotplug locks inside the page allocator is just too
dangerous.  Let's remove the dependency by dropping get_online_cpus()
from drain_all_pages.  This is not so simple though because now we do
not have a protection against cpu hotplug which means 2 things:

  - the work item might be executed on a different cpu in worker from
    unbound pool so it doesn't run on pinned on the cpu

  - we have to make sure that we do not race with page_alloc_cpu_dead
    calling drain_pages_zone

Disabling preemption in drain_local_pages_wq will solve the first
problem drain_local_pages will determine its local CPU from the WQ
context which will be stable after that point, page_alloc_cpu_dead is
pinned to the CPU already.  The later condition is achieved by disabling
IRQs in drain_pages_zone.

Fixes: mm, page_alloc: drain per-cpu pages from workqueue context
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170207201950.20482-1-mhocko@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Reported-by: Dmitry Vyukov <dvyukov@google.com>
Acked-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
 2017-02-24 17:46:54 -08:00
Mel Gorman
0ccce3b924 mm, page_alloc: drain per-cpu pages from workqueue context 
The per-cpu page allocator can be drained immediately via
drain_all_pages() which sends IPIs to every CPU.  In the next patch, the
per-cpu allocator will only be used for interrupt-safe allocations which
prevents draining it from IPI context.  This patch uses workqueues to
drain the per-cpu lists instead.

This is slower but no slowdown during intensive reclaim was measured and
the paths that use drain_all_pages() are not that sensitive to
performance.  This is particularly true as the path would only be
triggered when reclaim is failing.  It also makes a some sense to avoid
storming a machine with IPIs when it's under memory pressure.  Arguably,
it should be further adjusted so that only one caller at a time is
draining pages but it's beyond the scope of the current patch.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170123153906.3122-4-mgorman@techsingularity.net
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Hillf Danton <hillf.zj@alibaba-inc.com>
Cc: Jesper Dangaard Brouer <brouer@redhat.com>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
 2017-02-24 17:46:54 -08:00
Mel Gorman
9cd7555875 mm, page_alloc: split alloc_pages_nodemask() 
alloc_pages_nodemask does a number of preperation steps that determine
what zones can be used for the allocation depending on a variety of
factors.  This is fine but a hypothetical caller that wanted multiple
order-0 pages has to do the preparation steps multiple times.  This
patch structures __alloc_pages_nodemask such that it's relatively easy
to build a bulk order-0 page allocator.  There is no functional change.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170123153906.3122-3-mgorman@techsingularity.net
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Acked-by: Hillf Danton <hillf.zj@alibaba-inc.com>
Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Jesper Dangaard Brouer <brouer@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
 2017-02-24 17:46:54 -08:00
Mel Gorman
066b239355 mm, page_alloc: split buffered_rmqueue() 
Patch series "Use per-cpu allocator for !irq requests and prepare for a
bulk allocator", v5.

This series is motivated by a conversation led by Jesper Dangaard Brouer
at the last LSF/MM proposing a generic page pool for DMA-coherent pages.
Part of his motivation was due to the overhead of allocating multiple
order-0 that led some drivers to use high-order allocations and
splitting them.  This is very slow in some cases.

The first two patches in this series restructure the page allocator such
that it is relatively easy to introduce an order-0 bulk page allocator.
A patch exists to do that and has been handed over to Jesper until an
in-kernel users is created.  The third patch prevents the per-cpu
allocator being drained from IPI context as that can potentially corrupt
the list after patch four is merged.  The final patch alters the per-cpu
alloctor to make it exclusive to !irq requests.  This cuts
allocation/free overhead by roughly 30%.

Performance tests from both Jesper and me are included in the patch.

This patch (of 4):

buffered_rmqueue removes a page from a given zone and uses the per-cpu
list for order-0.  This is fine but a hypothetical caller that wanted
multiple order-0 pages has to disable/reenable interrupts multiple
times.  This patch structures buffere_rmqueue such that it's relatively
easy to build a bulk order-0 page allocator.  There is no functional
change.

[mgorman@techsingularity.net: failed per-cpu refill may blow up]
  Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170124112723.mshmgwq2ihxku2um@techsingularity.net
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170123153906.3122-2-mgorman@techsingularity.net
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Acked-by: Hillf Danton <hillf.zj@alibaba-inc.com>
Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Jesper Dangaard Brouer <brouer@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
 2017-02-24 17:46:54 -08:00
David Rientjes
685dbf6f5a mm, page_alloc: warn_alloc nodemask is NULL when cpusets are disabled 
The patch "mm, page_alloc: warn_alloc print nodemask" implicitly sets
the allocation nodemask to cpuset_current_mems_allowed when there is no
effective mempolicy.  cpuset_current_mems_allowed is only effective when
cpusets are enabled, which is also printed by warn_alloc(), so setting
the nodemask to cpuset_current_mems_allowed is redundant and prevents
debugging issues where ac->nodemask is not set properly in the page
allocator.

This provides better debugging output since
cpuset_print_current_mems_allowed() is already provided.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/alpine.DEB.2.10.1701181347320.142399@chino.kir.corp.google.com
Signed-off-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
 2017-02-22 16:41:30 -08:00
Michal Hocko
6c18ba7a18 mm: help __GFP_NOFAIL allocations which do not trigger OOM killer 
Now that __GFP_NOFAIL doesn't override decisions to skip the oom killer
we are left with requests which require to loop inside the allocator
without invoking the oom killer (e.g.  GFP_NOFS|__GFP_NOFAIL used by fs
code) and so they might, in very unlikely situations, loop for ever -
e.g.  other parallel request could starve them.

This patch tries to limit the likelihood of such a lockup by giving
these __GFP_NOFAIL requests a chance to move on by consuming a small
part of memory reserves.  We are using ALLOC_HARDER which should be
enough to prevent from the starvation by regular allocation requests,
yet it shouldn't consume enough from the reserves to disrupt high
priority requests (ALLOC_HIGH).

While we are at it, let's introduce a helper __alloc_pages_cpuset_fallback
which enforces the cpusets but allows to fallback to ignore them if the
first attempt fails.  __GFP_NOFAIL requests can be considered important
enough to allow cpuset runaway in order for the system to move on.  It
is highly unlikely that any of these will be GFP_USER anyway.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20161220134904.21023-4-mhocko@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Hillf Danton <hillf.zj@alibaba-inc.com>
Cc: Tetsuo Handa <penguin-kernel@I-love.SAKURA.ne.jp>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
 2017-02-22 16:41:30 -08:00
Michal Hocko
06ad276ac1 mm, oom: do not enforce OOM killer for __GFP_NOFAIL automatically 
__alloc_pages_may_oom makes sure to skip the OOM killer depending on the
allocation request.  This includes lowmem requests, costly high order
requests and others.  For a long time __GFP_NOFAIL acted as an override
for all those rules.  This is not documented and it can be quite
surprising as well.  E.g.  GFP_NOFS requests are not invoking the OOM
killer but GFP_NOFS|__GFP_NOFAIL does so if we try to convert some of
the existing open coded loops around allocator to nofail request (and we
have done that in the past) then such a change would have a non trivial
side effect which is far from obvious.  Note that the primary motivation
for skipping the OOM killer is to prevent from pre-mature invocation.

The exception has been added by commit 82553a937f ("oom: invoke oom
killer for __GFP_NOFAIL").  The changelog points out that the oom killer
has to be invoked otherwise the request would be looping for ever.  But
this argument is rather weak because the OOM killer doesn't really
guarantee a forward progress for those exceptional cases:

- it will hardly help to form costly order which in turn can result in
  the system panic because of no oom killable task in the end - I believe
  we certainly do not want to put the system down just because there is a
  nasty driver asking for order-9 page with GFP_NOFAIL not realizing all
  the consequences.  It is much better this request would loop for ever
  than the massive system disruption

- lowmem is also highly unlikely to be freed during OOM killer

- GFP_NOFS request could trigger while there is still a lot of memory
  pinned by filesystems.

This patch simply removes the __GFP_NOFAIL special case in order to have a
more clear semantic without surprising side effects.

Signed-off-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Reported-by: Nils Holland <nholland@tisys.org>
Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Hillf Danton <hillf.zj@alibaba-inc.com>
Cc: Tetsuo Handa <penguin-kernel@I-love.SAKURA.ne.jp>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
 2017-02-22 16:41:30 -08:00
Michal Hocko
9a67f6488e mm: consolidate GFP_NOFAIL checks in the allocator slowpath 
Tetsuo Handa has pointed out that commit 0a0337e0d1 ("mm, oom: rework
oom detection") has subtly changed semantic for costly high order
requests with __GFP_NOFAIL and withtout __GFP_REPEAT and those can fail
right now.  My code inspection didn't reveal any such users in the tree
but it is true that this might lead to unexpected allocation failures
and subsequent OOPs.

__alloc_pages_slowpath wrt.  GFP_NOFAIL is hard to follow currently.
There are few special cases but we are lacking a catch all place to be
sure we will not miss any case where the non failing allocation might
fail.  This patch reorganizes the code a bit and puts all those special
cases under nopage label which is the generic go-to-fail path.  Non
failing allocations are retried or those that cannot retry like
non-sleeping allocation go to the failure point directly.  This should
make the code flow much easier to follow and make it less error prone
for future changes.

While we are there we have to move the stall check up to catch
potentially looping non-failing allocations.

[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix alloc_flags may-be-used-uninitalized]
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20161220134904.21023-2-mhocko@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Acked-by: Hillf Danton <hillf.zj@alibaba-inc.com>
Cc: Tetsuo Handa <penguin-kernel@I-love.SAKURA.ne.jp>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
 2017-02-22 16:41:30 -08:00
Michal Hocko
9af744d743 lib/show_mem.c: teach show_mem to work with the given nodemask 
show_mem() allows to filter out node specific data which is irrelevant
to the allocation request via SHOW_MEM_FILTER_NODES.  The filtering is
done in skip_free_areas_node which skips all nodes which are not in the
mems_allowed of the current process.  This works most of the time as
expected because the nodemask shouldn't be outside of the allocating
task but there are some exceptions.  E.g.  memory hotplug might want to
request allocations from outside of the allowed nodes (see
new_node_page).

Get rid of this hardcoded behavior and push the allocation mask down the
show_mem path and use it instead of cpuset_current_mems_allowed.  NULL
nodemask is interpreted as cpuset_current_mems_allowed.

[akpm@linux-foundation.org: coding-style fixes]
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170117091543.25850-5-mhocko@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Hillf Danton <hillf.zj@alibaba-inc.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
 2017-02-22 16:41:30 -08:00
Michal Hocko
a8e99259e7 mm, page_alloc: warn_alloc print nodemask 
warn_alloc is currently used for to report an allocation failure or an
allocation stall.  We print some details of the allocation request like
the gfp mask and the request order.  We do not print the allocation
nodemask which is important when debugging the reason for the allocation
failure as well.  We alreaddy print the nodemask in the OOM report.

Add nodemask to warn_alloc and print it in warn_alloc as well.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170117091543.25850-3-mhocko@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Acked-by: Hillf Danton <hillf.zj@alibaba-inc.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
 2017-02-22 16:41:30 -08:00
Michal Hocko
c02e50bb8a mm, page_alloc: do not report all nodes in show_mem 
Patch series "show_mem updates", v2.

This is a mixture of one bug fix (patch 1), an enhancement (patch 2) and
cleanups (the rest of the series).  First two patches should be really
straightforward.  Patch 3 removes some arch specific show_mem
implementations because I think they are quite outdated and do not
really serve any useful purpose anymore.  I think we should really
strive to have a consistent show_mem output regardless of the
architecture.  If some architecture is really special and wants to dump
something additional we should do that via an arch specific hook.

The last patch adds nodemask parameter so that we do not rely on the
hardcoded mems_allowed of the current task when doing the node
filtering.  I consider this more a cleanup than a fix because basically
all users use a nodemask which is a subset of mems_allowed.  There is
only one call path in the memory hotplug which doesn't comply with this
but that is hardly something to worry about.

This patch (of 4):

Commit 599d0c954f ("mm, vmscan: move LRU lists to node") has added per
numa node statistics to show_mem but it forgot to add
skip_free_areas_node to filter out nodes which are outside of the
allocating task numa policy.  Add this check to not pollute the output
with the pointless information.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170117091543.25850-2-mhocko@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Acked-by: Hillf Danton <hillf.zj@alibaba-inc.com>
Acked-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
 2017-02-22 16:41:30 -08:00
Paul Burton
b92df1de5d mm: page_alloc: skip over regions of invalid pfns where possible 
When using a sparse memory model memmap_init_zone() when invoked with
the MEMMAP_EARLY context will skip over pages which aren't valid - ie.
which aren't in a populated region of the sparse memory map.  However if
the memory map is extremely sparse then it can spend a long time
linearly checking each PFN in a large non-populated region of the memory
map & skipping it in turn.

When CONFIG_HAVE_MEMBLOCK_NODE_MAP is enabled, we have sufficient
information to quickly discover the next valid PFN given an invalid one
by searching through the list of memory regions & skipping forwards to
the first PFN covered by the memory region to the right of the
non-populated region.  Implement this in order to speed up
memmap_init_zone() for systems with extremely sparse memory maps.

James said "I have tested this patch on a virtual model of a Samurai CPU
with a sparse memory map.  The kernel boot time drops from 109 to
62 seconds. "

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20161125185518.29885-1-paul.burton@imgtec.com
Signed-off-by: Paul Burton <paul.burton@imgtec.com>
Tested-by: James Hartley <james.hartley@imgtec.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
 2017-02-22 16:41:29 -08:00
Michal Hocko
65190cff3c oom, trace: add compaction retry tracepoint 
Higher order requests oom debugging is currently quite hard.  We do have
some compaction points which can tell us how the compaction is operating
but there is no trace point to tell us about compaction retry logic.
This patch adds a one which will have the following format

            bash-3126  [001] ....  1498.220001: compact_retry: order=9 priority=COMPACT_PRIO_SYNC_LIGHT compaction_result=withdrawn retries=0 max_retries=16 should_retry=0

we can see that the order 9 request is not retried even though we are in
the highest compaction priority mode becase the last compaction attempt
was withdrawn.  This means that compaction_zonelist_suitable must have
returned false and there is no suitable zone to compact for this request
and so no need to retry further.

another example would be
           <...>-3137  [001] ....    81.501689: compact_retry: order=9 priority=COMPACT_PRIO_SYNC_LIGHT compaction_result=failed retries=0 max_retries=16 should_retry=0

in this case the order-9 compaction failed to find any suitable block.
We do not retry anymore because this is a costly request and those do
not go below COMPACT_PRIO_SYNC_LIGHT priority.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20161220130135.15719-4-mhocko@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
 2017-02-22 16:41:27 -08:00
Michal Hocko
d379f01de0 oom, trace: add oom detection tracepoints 
should_reclaim_retry is the central decision point for declaring the
OOM.  It might be really useful to expose data used for this decision
making when debugging an unexpected oom situations.

Say we have an OOM report:
[   52.264001] mem_eater invoked oom-killer: gfp_mask=0x24280ca(GFP_HIGHUSER_MOVABLE|__GFP_ZERO), nodemask=0, order=0, oom_score_adj=0
[   52.267549] CPU: 3 PID: 3148 Comm: mem_eater Tainted: G        W       4.8.0-oomtrace3-00006-gb21338b386d2 #1024

Now we can check the tracepoint data to see how we have ended up in this
situation:
       mem_eater-3148  [003] ....    52.432801: reclaim_retry_zone: node=0 zone=DMA32 order=0 reclaimable=51 available=11134 min_wmark=11084 no_progress_loops=1 wmark_check=1
       mem_eater-3148  [003] ....    52.433269: reclaim_retry_zone: node=0 zone=DMA32 order=0 reclaimable=51 available=11103 min_wmark=11084 no_progress_loops=1 wmark_check=1
       mem_eater-3148  [003] ....    52.433712: reclaim_retry_zone: node=0 zone=DMA32 order=0 reclaimable=51 available=11100 min_wmark=11084 no_progress_loops=2 wmark_check=1
       mem_eater-3148  [003] ....    52.434067: reclaim_retry_zone: node=0 zone=DMA32 order=0 reclaimable=51 available=11097 min_wmark=11084 no_progress_loops=3 wmark_check=1
       mem_eater-3148  [003] ....    52.434414: reclaim_retry_zone: node=0 zone=DMA32 order=0 reclaimable=51 available=11094 min_wmark=11084 no_progress_loops=4 wmark_check=1
       mem_eater-3148  [003] ....    52.434761: reclaim_retry_zone: node=0 zone=DMA32 order=0 reclaimable=51 available=11091 min_wmark=11084 no_progress_loops=5 wmark_check=1
       mem_eater-3148  [003] ....    52.435108: reclaim_retry_zone: node=0 zone=DMA32 order=0 reclaimable=51 available=11087 min_wmark=11084 no_progress_loops=6 wmark_check=1
       mem_eater-3148  [003] ....    52.435478: reclaim_retry_zone: node=0 zone=DMA32 order=0 reclaimable=51 available=11084 min_wmark=11084 no_progress_loops=7 wmark_check=0
       mem_eater-3148  [003] ....    52.435478: reclaim_retry_zone: node=0 zone=DMA order=0 reclaimable=0 available=1126 min_wmark=179 no_progress_loops=7 wmark_check=0

The above shows that we can quickly deduce that the reclaim stopped
making any progress (see no_progress_loops increased in each round) and
while there were still some 51 reclaimable pages they couldn't be
dropped for some reason (vmscan trace points would tell us more about
that part).  available will represent reclaimable + free_pages scaled
down per no_progress_loops factor.  This is essentially an optimistic
estimate of how much memory we would have when reclaiming everything.
This can be compared to min_wmark to get a rought idea but the
wmark_check tells the result of the watermark check which is more
precise (includes lowmem reserves, considers the order etc.).  As we can
see no zone is eligible in the end and that is why we have triggered the
oom in this situation.

Please note that higher order requests might fail on the wmark_check
even when there is much more memory available than min_wmark - e.g.
when the memory is fragmented.  A follow up tracepoint will help to
debug those situations.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20161220130135.15719-3-mhocko@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
 2017-02-22 16:41:27 -08:00
Vlastimil Babka
13ad59df67 mm, page_alloc: avoid page_to_pfn() when merging buddies 
On architectures that allow memory holes, page_is_buddy() has to perform
page_to_pfn() to check for the memory hole.  After the previous patch,
we have the pfn already available in __free_one_page(), which is the
only caller of page_is_buddy(), so move the check there and avoid
page_to_pfn().

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20161216120009.20064-2-vbabka@suse.cz
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org>
Cc: "Kirill A. Shutemov" <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
 2017-02-22 16:41:27 -08:00
Vlastimil Babka
76741e776a mm, page_alloc: don't convert pfn to idx when merging 
In __free_one_page() we do the buddy merging arithmetics on "page/buddy
index", which is just the lower MAX_ORDER bits of pfn.  The operations
we do that affect the higher bits are bitwise AND and subtraction (in
that order), where the final result will be the same with the higher
bits left unmasked, as long as these bits are equal for both buddies -
which must be true by the definition of a buddy.

We can therefore use pfn's directly instead of "index" and skip the
zeroing of >MAX_ORDER bits.  This can help a bit by itself, although
compiler might be smart enough already.  It also helps the next patch to
avoid page_to_pfn() for memory hole checks.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20161216120009.20064-1-vbabka@suse.cz
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org>
Cc: "Kirill A. Shutemov" <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
 2017-02-22 16:41:27 -08:00
Michal Hocko
aa187507ef mm: throttle show_mem() from warn_alloc() 
Tetsuo has been stressing OOM killer path with many parallel allocation
requests when he has noticed that it is not all that hard to swamp
kernel logs with warn_alloc messages caused by allocation stalls.  Even
though the allocation stall message is triggered only once in 10s there
might be many different tasks hitting it roughly around the same time.

A big part of the output is show_mem() which can generate a lot of
output even on a small machines.  There is no reason to show the state
of memory counter for each allocation stall, especially when multiple of
them are reported in a short time period.  Chances are that not much has
changed since the last report.  This patch simply rate limits show_mem
called from warn_alloc to only dump something once per second.  This
should be enough to give us a clue why an allocation might be stalling
while burst of warnings will not swamp log with too much data.

While we are at it, extract all the show_mem related handling (filters)
into a separate function warn_alloc_show_mem.  This will make the code
cleaner and as a bonus point we can distinguish which part of warn_alloc
got throttled due to rate limiting as ___ratelimit dumps the caller.

[akpm@linux-foundation.org: reduce scope of the ratelimit_states]
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20161215101510.9030-1-mhocko@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Reported-by: Tetsuo Handa <penguin-kernel@I-love.SAKURA.ne.jp>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
 2017-02-22 16:41:27 -08:00
Vlastimil Babka
e47483bca2 mm, page_alloc: fix premature OOM when racing with cpuset mems update 
Ganapatrao Kulkarni reported that the LTP test cpuset01 in stress mode
triggers OOM killer in few seconds, despite lots of free memory.  The
test attempts to repeatedly fault in memory in one process in a cpuset,
while changing allowed nodes of the cpuset between 0 and 1 in another
process.

The problem comes from insufficient protection against cpuset changes,
which can cause get_page_from_freelist() to consider all zones as
non-eligible due to nodemask and/or current->mems_allowed.  This was
masked in the past by sufficient retries, but since commit 682a3385e7
("mm, page_alloc: inline the fast path of the zonelist iterator") we fix
the preferred_zoneref once, and don't iterate over the whole zonelist in
further attempts, thus the only eligible zones might be placed in the
zonelist before our starting point and we always miss them.

A previous patch fixed this problem for current->mems_allowed.  However,
cpuset changes also update the task's mempolicy nodemask.  The fix has
two parts.  We have to repeat the preferred_zoneref search when we
detect cpuset update by way of seqcount, and we have to check the
seqcount before considering OOM.

[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix typo in comment]
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170120103843.24587-5-vbabka@suse.cz
Fixes: c33d6c06f6 ("mm, page_alloc: avoid looking up the first zone in a zonelist twice")
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Reported-by: Ganapatrao Kulkarni <gpkulkarni@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Acked-by: Hillf Danton <hillf.zj@alibaba-inc.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
 2017-01-24 16:26:14 -08:00
Vlastimil Babka
5ce9bfef1d mm, page_alloc: move cpuset seqcount checking to slowpath 
This is a preparation for the following patch to make review simpler.
While the primary motivation is a bug fix, this also simplifies the fast
path, although the moved code is only enabled when cpusets are in use.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170120103843.24587-4-vbabka@suse.cz
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Acked-by: Hillf Danton <hillf.zj@alibaba-inc.com>
Cc: Ganapatrao Kulkarni <gpkulkarni@gmail.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
 2017-01-24 16:26:14 -08:00
Vlastimil Babka
16096c25bf mm, page_alloc: fix fast-path race with cpuset update or removal 
Ganapatrao Kulkarni reported that the LTP test cpuset01 in stress mode
triggers OOM killer in few seconds, despite lots of free memory.  The
test attempts to repeatedly fault in memory in one process in a cpuset,
while changing allowed nodes of the cpuset between 0 and 1 in another
process.

One possible cause is that in the fast path we find the preferred
zoneref according to current mems_allowed, so that it points to the
middle of the zonelist, skipping e.g.  zones of node 1 completely.  If
the mems_allowed is updated to contain only node 1, we never reach it in
the zonelist, and trigger OOM before checking the cpuset_mems_cookie.

This patch fixes the particular case by redoing the preferred zoneref
search if we switch back to the original nodemask.  The condition is
also slightly changed so that when the last non-root cpuset is removed,
we don't miss it.

Note that this is not a full fix, and more patches will follow.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170120103843.24587-3-vbabka@suse.cz
Fixes: 682a3385e7 ("mm, page_alloc: inline the fast path of the zonelist iterator")
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Reported-by: Ganapatrao Kulkarni <gpkulkarni@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Acked-by: Hillf Danton <hillf.zj@alibaba-inc.com>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
 2017-01-24 16:26:14 -08:00
Vlastimil Babka
ea57485af8 mm, page_alloc: fix check for NULL preferred_zone 
Patch series "fix premature OOM regression in 4.7+ due to cpuset races".

This is v2 of my attempt to fix the recent report based on LTP cpuset
stress test [1].  The intention is to go to stable 4.9 LTSS with this,
as triggering repeated OOMs is not nice.  That's why the patches try to
be not too intrusive.

Unfortunately why investigating I found that modifying the testcase to
use per-VMA policies instead of per-task policies will bring the OOM's
back, but that seems to be much older and harder to fix problem.  I have
posted a RFC [2] but I believe that fixing the recent regressions has a
higher priority.

Longer-term we might try to think how to fix the cpuset mess in a better
and less error prone way.  I was for example very surprised to learn,
that cpuset updates change not only task->mems_allowed, but also
nodemask of mempolicies.  Until now I expected the parameter to
alloc_pages_nodemask() to be stable.  I wonder why do we then treat
cpusets specially in get_page_from_freelist() and distinguish HARDWALL
etc, when there's unconditional intersection between mempolicy and
cpuset.  I would expect the nodemask adjustment for saving overhead in
g_p_f(), but that clearly doesn't happen in the current form.  So we
have both crazy complexity and overhead, AFAICS.

[1] https://lkml.kernel.org/r/CAFpQJXUq-JuEP=QPidy4p_=FN0rkH5Z-kfB4qBvsf6jMS87Edg@mail.gmail.com
[2] https://lkml.kernel.org/r/7c459f26-13a6-a817-e508-b65b903a8378@suse.cz

This patch (of 4):

Since commit c33d6c06f6 ("mm, page_alloc: avoid looking up the first
zone in a zonelist twice") we have a wrong check for NULL preferred_zone,
which can theoretically happen due to concurrent cpuset modification.  We
check the zoneref pointer which is never NULL and we should check the zone
pointer.  Also document this in first_zones_zonelist() comment per Michal
Hocko.

Fixes: c33d6c06f6 ("mm, page_alloc: avoid looking up the first zone in a zonelist twice")
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170120103843.24587-2-vbabka@suse.cz
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Acked-by: Hillf Danton <hillf.zj@alibaba-inc.com>
Cc: Ganapatrao Kulkarni <gpkulkarni@gmail.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
 2017-01-24 16:26:14 -08:00
Lucas Stach
424f6c4818 mm: alloc_contig: re-allow CMA to compact FS pages 
Commit 73e64c51af ("mm, compaction: allow compaction for GFP_NOFS
requests") changed compation to skip FS pages if not explicitly allowed
to touch them, but missed to update the CMA compact_control.

This leads to a very high isolation failure rate, crippling performance
of CMA even on a lightly loaded system.  Re-allow CMA to compact FS
pages by setting the correct GFP flags, restoring CMA behavior and
performance to the kernel 4.9 level.

Fixes: 73e64c51af (mm, compaction: allow compaction for GFP_NOFS requests)
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170113115155.24335-1-l.stach@pengutronix.de
Signed-off-by: Lucas Stach <l.stach@pengutronix.de>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
 2017-01-24 16:26:14 -08:00
Alexander Duyck
2976db8018 mm: rename __page_frag functions to __page_frag_cache, drop order from drain 
This patch does two things.

First it goes through and renames the __page_frag prefixed functions to
__page_frag_cache so that we can be clear that we are draining or
refilling the cache, not the frags themselves.

Second we drop the order parameter from __page_frag_cache_drain since we
don't actually need to pass it since all fragments are either order 0 or
must be a compound page.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170104023954.13451.5678.stgit@localhost.localdomain
Signed-off-by: Alexander Duyck <alexander.h.duyck@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
 2017-01-10 18:31:55 -08:00
Alexander Duyck
8c2dd3e4a4 mm: rename __alloc_page_frag to page_frag_alloc and __free_page_frag to page_frag_free 
Patch series "Page fragment updates", v4.

This patch series takes care of a few cleanups for the page fragments
API.

First we do some renames so that things are much more consistent.  First
we move the page_frag_ portion of the name to the front of the functions
names.  Secondly we split out the cache specific functions from the
other page fragment functions by adding the word "cache" to the name.

Finally I added a bit of documentation that will hopefully help to
explain some of this.  I plan to revisit this later as we get things
more ironed out in the near future with the changes planned for the DMA
setup to support eXpress Data Path.

This patch (of 3):

This patch renames the page frag functions to be more consistent with
other APIs.  Specifically we place the name page_frag first in the name
and then have either an alloc or free call name that we append as the
suffix.  This makes it a bit clearer in terms of naming.

In addition we drop the leading double underscores since we are
technically no longer a backing interface and instead the front end that
is called from the networking APIs.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170104023854.13451.67390.stgit@localhost.localdomain
Signed-off-by: Alexander Duyck <alexander.h.duyck@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
 2017-01-10 18:31:55 -08:00
Ard Biesheuvel
f073bdc517 mm: don't dereference struct page fields of invalid pages 
The VM_BUG_ON() check in move_freepages() checks whether the node id of
a page matches the node id of its zone.  However, it does this before
having checked whether the struct page pointer refers to a valid struct
page to begin with.  This is guaranteed in most cases, but may not be
the case if CONFIG_HOLES_IN_ZONE=y.

So reorder the VM_BUG_ON() with the pfn_valid_within() check.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1481706707-6211-2-git-send-email-ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org
Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org>
Acked-by: Will Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com>
Cc: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
Cc: Hanjun Guo <hanjun.guo@linaro.org>
Cc: Yisheng Xie <xieyisheng1@huawei.com>
Cc: Robert Richter <rrichter@cavium.com>
Cc: James Morse <james.morse@arm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
 2017-01-10 18:31:55 -08:00
Michal Hocko
41b6167e8f mm: get rid of __GFP_OTHER_NODE 
The flag was introduced by commit 78afd5612d ("mm: add
__GFP_OTHER_NODE flag") to allow proper accounting of remote node
allocations done by kernel daemons on behalf of a process - e.g.
khugepaged.

After "mm: fix remote numa hits statistics" we do not need and actually
use the flag so we can safely remove it because all allocations which
are satisfied from their "home" node are accounted properly.

[mhocko@suse.com: fix build]
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170106122225.GK5556@dhcp22.suse.cz
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170102153057.9451-3-mhocko@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Taku Izumi <izumi.taku@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
 2017-01-10 18:31:55 -08:00
Michal Hocko
2df26639e7 mm: fix remote numa hits statistics 
Jia He has noticed that commit b9f00e147f ("mm, page_alloc: reduce
branches in zone_statistics") has an unintentional side effect that
remote node allocation requests are accounted as NUMA_MISS rathat than
NUMA_HIT and NUMA_OTHER if such a request doesn't use __GFP_OTHER_NODE.

There are many of these potentially because the flag is used very rarely
while we have many users of __alloc_pages_node.

Fix this by simply ignoring __GFP_OTHER_NODE (it can be removed in a
follow up patch) and treat all allocations that were satisfied from the
preferred zone's node as NUMA_HITS because this is the same node we
requested the allocation from in most cases.  If this is not the local
node then we just account it as NUMA_OTHER rather than NUMA_LOCAL.

One downsize would be that an allocation request for a node which is
outside of the mempolicy nodemask would be reported as a hit which is a
bit weird but that was the case before b9f00e147f already.

Fixes: b9f00e147f ("mm, page_alloc: reduce branches in zone_statistics")
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170102153057.9451-2-mhocko@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Reported-by: Jia He <hejianet@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> # with cbmc[1] superpowers
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Taku Izumi <izumi.taku@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
 2017-01-10 18:31:54 -08:00
Alexander Duyck
44fdffd705 mm: add support for releasing multiple instances of a page 
Add a function that allows us to batch free a page that has multiple
references outstanding.  Specifically this function can be used to drop
a page being used in the page frag alloc cache.  With this drivers can
make use of functionality similar to the page frag alloc cache without
having to do any workarounds for the fact that there is no function that
frees multiple references.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20161110113606.76501.70752.stgit@ahduyck-blue-test.jf.intel.com
Signed-off-by: Alexander Duyck <alexander.h.duyck@intel.com>
Cc: "David S. Miller" <davem@davemloft.net>
Cc: "James E.J. Bottomley" <jejb@parisc-linux.org>
Cc: Chris Metcalf <cmetcalf@mellanox.com>
Cc: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Cc: Geert Uytterhoeven <geert@linux-m68k.org>
Cc: Hans-Christian Noren Egtvedt <egtvedt@samfundet.no>
Cc: Helge Deller <deller@gmx.de>
Cc: James Hogan <james.hogan@imgtec.com>
Cc: Jeff Kirsher <jeffrey.t.kirsher@intel.com>
Cc: Jonas Bonn <jonas@southpole.se>
Cc: Keguang Zhang <keguang.zhang@gmail.com>
Cc: Ley Foon Tan <lftan@altera.com>
Cc: Mark Salter <msalter@redhat.com>
Cc: Max Filippov <jcmvbkbc@gmail.com>
Cc: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au>
Cc: Michal Simek <monstr@monstr.eu>
Cc: Ralf Baechle <ralf@linux-mips.org>
Cc: Rich Felker <dalias@libc.org>
Cc: Richard Kuo <rkuo@codeaurora.org>
Cc: Russell King <linux@armlinux.org.uk>
Cc: Steven Miao <realmz6@gmail.com>
Cc: Tobias Klauser <tklauser@distanz.ch>
Cc: Vineet Gupta <vgupta@synopsys.com>
Cc: Yoshinori Sato <ysato@users.sourceforge.jp>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
 2016-12-14 16:04:08 -08:00
Linus Torvalds
e34bac726d Merge branch 'akpm' (patches from Andrew) 
Merge updates from Andrew Morton:

 - various misc bits

 - most of MM (quite a lot of MM material is awaiting the merge of
   linux-next dependencies)

 - kasan

 - printk updates

 - procfs updates

 - MAINTAINERS

 - /lib updates

 - checkpatch updates

* emailed patches from Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>: (123 commits)
  init: reduce rootwait polling interval time to 5ms
  binfmt_elf: use vmalloc() for allocation of vma_filesz
  checkpatch: don't emit unified-diff error for rename-only patches
  checkpatch: don't check c99 types like uint8_t under tools
  checkpatch: avoid multiple line dereferences
  checkpatch: don't check .pl files, improve absolute path commit log test
  scripts/checkpatch.pl: fix spelling
  checkpatch: don't try to get maintained status when --no-tree is given
  lib/ida: document locking requirements a bit better
  lib/rbtree.c: fix typo in comment of ____rb_erase_color
  lib/Kconfig.debug: make CONFIG_STRICT_DEVMEM depend on CONFIG_DEVMEM
  MAINTAINERS: add drm and drm/i915 irc channels
  MAINTAINERS: add "C:" for URI for chat where developers hang out
  MAINTAINERS: add drm and drm/i915 bug filing info
  MAINTAINERS: add "B:" for URI where to file bugs
  get_maintainer: look for arbitrary letter prefixes in sections
  printk: add Kconfig option to set default console loglevel
  printk/sound: handle more message headers
  printk/btrfs: handle more message headers
  printk/kdb: handle more message headers
  ...
 2016-12-12 20:50:02 -08:00
Linus Torvalds
e71c3978d6 Merge branch 'smp-hotplug-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip 
Pull smp hotplug updates from Thomas Gleixner:
 "This is the final round of converting the notifier mess to the state
  machine. The removal of the notifiers and the related infrastructure
  will happen around rc1, as there are conversions outstanding in other
  trees.

  The whole exercise removed about 2000 lines of code in total and in
  course of the conversion several dozen bugs got fixed. The new
  mechanism allows to test almost every hotplug step standalone, so
  usage sites can exercise all transitions extensively.

  There is more room for improvement, like integrating all the
  pointlessly different architecture mechanisms of synchronizing,
  setting cpus online etc into the core code"

* 'smp-hotplug-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip: (60 commits)
  tracing/rb: Init the CPU mask on allocation
  soc/fsl/qbman: Convert to hotplug state machine
  soc/fsl/qbman: Convert to hotplug state machine
  zram: Convert to hotplug state machine
  KVM/PPC/Book3S HV: Convert to hotplug state machine
  arm64/cpuinfo: Convert to hotplug state machine
  arm64/cpuinfo: Make hotplug notifier symmetric
  mm/compaction: Convert to hotplug state machine
  iommu/vt-d: Convert to hotplug state machine
  mm/zswap: Convert pool to hotplug state machine
  mm/zswap: Convert dst-mem to hotplug state machine
  mm/zsmalloc: Convert to hotplug state machine
  mm/vmstat: Convert to hotplug state machine
  mm/vmstat: Avoid on each online CPU loops
  mm/vmstat: Drop get_online_cpus() from init_cpu_node_state/vmstat_cpu_dead()
  tracing/rb: Convert to hotplug state machine
  oprofile/nmi timer: Convert to hotplug state machine
  net/iucv: Use explicit clean up labels in iucv_init()
  x86/pci/amd-bus: Convert to hotplug state machine
  x86/oprofile/nmi: Convert to hotplug state machine
  ...
 2016-12-12 19:25:04 -08:00
Mel Gorman
a6de734bc0 mm, page_alloc: keep pcp count and list contents in sync if struct page is corrupted 
Vlastimil Babka pointed out that commit 479f854a20 ("mm, page_alloc:
defer debugging checks of pages allocated from the PCP") will allow the
per-cpu list counter to be out of sync with the per-cpu list contents if
a struct page is corrupted.

The consequence is an infinite loop if the per-cpu lists get fully
drained by free_pcppages_bulk because all the lists are empty but the
count is positive.  The infinite loop occurs here

                do {
                        batch_free++;
                        if (++migratetype == MIGRATE_PCPTYPES)
                                migratetype = 0;
                        list = &pcp->lists[migratetype];
                } while (list_empty(list));

What the user sees is a bad page warning followed by a soft lockup with
interrupts disabled in free_pcppages_bulk().

This patch keeps the accounting in sync.

Fixes: 479f854a20 ("mm, page_alloc: defer debugging checks of pages allocated from the PCP")
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20161202112951.23346-2-mgorman@techsingularity.net
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Acked-by: Hillf Danton <hillf.zj@alibaba-inc.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Jesper Dangaard Brouer <brouer@redhat.com>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>	[4.7+]
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
 2016-12-12 18:55:08 -08:00
Minchan Kim
29fac03bef mm: make unreserve highatomic functions reliable 
Currently, unreserve_highatomic_pageblock bails out if it found
highatomic pageblock regardless of really moving free pages from the one
so that it could mitigate unreserve logic's goal which saves OOM of a
process.

This patch makes unreserve functions bail out only if it moves some
pages out of !highatomic free list to avoid such false positive.

Another potential problem is that by race between page freeing and
reserve highatomic function, pages could be in highatomic free list even
though the pageblock is !high atomic migratetype.  In that case,
unreserve_highatomic_pageblock can be void if count of highatomic
reserve is less than pageblock_nr_pages.  We could solve it simply via
draining all of reserved pages before the OOM.  It would have a
safeguard role to exhuast reserved pages before converging to OOM.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1476259429-18279-5-git-send-email-minchan@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Sangseok Lee <sangseok.lee@lge.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
 2016-12-12 18:55:07 -08:00
Minchan Kim
04c8716f7b mm: try to exhaust highatomic reserve before the OOM 
I got OOM report from production team with v4.4 kernel.  It had enough
free memory but failed to allocate GFP_KERNEL order-0 page and finally
encountered OOM kill.  It occured during QA process which launches
several apps, switching and so on.  It happned rarely.  IOW, In normal
situation, it was not a problem but if we are unluck so that several
apps uses peak memory at the same time, it can happen.  If we manage to
pass the phase, the system can go working well.

I could reproduce it with my test(memory spike easily.  Look at below.

The reason is free pages(19M) of DMA32 zone are reserved for
HIGHORDERATOMIC and doesn't unreserved before the OOM.

  balloon invoked oom-killer: gfp_mask=0x24280ca(GFP_HIGHUSER_MOVABLE|__GFP_ZERO), order=0, oom_score_adj=0
  balloon cpuset=/ mems_allowed=0
  CPU: 1 PID: 8473 Comm: balloon Tainted: G        W  OE   4.8.0-rc7-00219-g3f74c9559583-dirty #3161
  Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996), BIOS Ubuntu-1.8.2-1ubuntu1 04/01/2014
  Call Trace:
    dump_stack+0x63/0x90
    dump_header+0x5c/0x1ce
    oom_kill_process+0x22e/0x400
    out_of_memory+0x1ac/0x210
    __alloc_pages_nodemask+0x101e/0x1040
    handle_mm_fault+0xa0a/0xbf0
    __do_page_fault+0x1dd/0x4d0
    trace_do_page_fault+0x43/0x130
    do_async_page_fault+0x1a/0xa0
    async_page_fault+0x28/0x30
  Mem-Info:
  active_anon:383949 inactive_anon:106724 isolated_anon:0
   active_file:15 inactive_file:44 isolated_file:0
   unevictable:0 dirty:0 writeback:24 unstable:0
   slab_reclaimable:2483 slab_unreclaimable:3326
   mapped:0 shmem:0 pagetables:1906 bounce:0
   free:6898 free_pcp:291 free_cma:0
  Node 0 active_anon:1535796kB inactive_anon:426896kB active_file:60kB inactive_file:176kB unevictable:0kB isolated(anon):0kB isolated(file):0kB mapped:0kB dirty:0kB writeback:96kB shmem:0kB writeback_tmp:0kB unstable:0kB pages_scanned:1418 all_unreclaimable? no
  DMA free:8188kB min:44kB low:56kB high:68kB active_anon:7648kB inactive_anon:0kB active_file:0kB inactive_file:4kB unevictable:0kB writepending:0kB present:15992kB managed:15908kB mlocked:0kB slab_reclaimable:0kB slab_unreclaimable:20kB kernel_stack:0kB pagetables:0kB bounce:0kB free_pcp:0kB local_pcp:0kB free_cma:0kB
  lowmem_reserve[]: 0 1952 1952 1952
  DMA32 free:19404kB min:5628kB low:7624kB high:9620kB active_anon:1528148kB inactive_anon:426896kB active_file:60kB inactive_file:420kB unevictable:0kB writepending:96kB present:2080640kB managed:2030092kB mlocked:0kB slab_reclaimable:9932kB slab_unreclaimable:13284kB kernel_stack:2496kB pagetables:7624kB bounce:0kB free_pcp:900kB local_pcp:112kB free_cma:0kB
  lowmem_reserve[]: 0 0 0 0
  DMA: 0*4kB 0*8kB 0*16kB 0*32kB 0*64kB 0*128kB 0*256kB 0*512kB 0*1024kB 0*2048kB 2*4096kB (H) = 8192kB
  DMA32: 7*4kB (H) 8*8kB (H) 30*16kB (H) 31*32kB (H) 14*64kB (H) 9*128kB (H) 2*256kB (H) 2*512kB (H) 4*1024kB (H) 5*2048kB (H) 0*4096kB = 19484kB
  51131 total pagecache pages
  50795 pages in swap cache
  Swap cache stats: add 3532405601, delete 3532354806, find 124289150/1822712228
  Free swap  = 8kB
  Total swap = 255996kB
  524158 pages RAM
  0 pages HighMem/MovableOnly
  12658 pages reserved
  0 pages cma reserved
  0 pages hwpoisoned

Another example exceeded the limit by the race is

  in:imklog: page allocation failure: order:0, mode:0x2280020(GFP_ATOMIC|__GFP_NOTRACK)
  CPU: 0 PID: 476 Comm: in:imklog Tainted: G            E   4.8.0-rc7-00217-g266ef83c51e5-dirty #3135
  Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996), BIOS Ubuntu-1.8.2-1ubuntu1 04/01/2014
  Call Trace:
    dump_stack+0x63/0x90
    warn_alloc_failed+0xdb/0x130
    __alloc_pages_nodemask+0x4d6/0xdb0
    new_slab+0x339/0x490
    ___slab_alloc.constprop.74+0x367/0x480
    __slab_alloc.constprop.73+0x20/0x40
    __kmalloc+0x1a4/0x1e0
    alloc_indirect.isra.14+0x1d/0x50
    virtqueue_add_sgs+0x1c4/0x470
    __virtblk_add_req+0xae/0x1f0
    virtio_queue_rq+0x12d/0x290
    __blk_mq_run_hw_queue+0x239/0x370
    blk_mq_run_hw_queue+0x8f/0xb0
    blk_mq_insert_requests+0x18c/0x1a0
    blk_mq_flush_plug_list+0x125/0x140
    blk_flush_plug_list+0xc7/0x220
    blk_finish_plug+0x2c/0x40
    __do_page_cache_readahead+0x196/0x230
    filemap_fault+0x448/0x4f0
    ext4_filemap_fault+0x36/0x50
    __do_fault+0x75/0x140
    handle_mm_fault+0x84d/0xbe0
    __do_page_fault+0x1dd/0x4d0
    trace_do_page_fault+0x43/0x130
    do_async_page_fault+0x1a/0xa0
    async_page_fault+0x28/0x30
  Mem-Info:
  active_anon:363826 inactive_anon:121283 isolated_anon:32
   active_file:65 inactive_file:152 isolated_file:0
   unevictable:0 dirty:0 writeback:46 unstable:0
   slab_reclaimable:2778 slab_unreclaimable:3070
   mapped:112 shmem:0 pagetables:1822 bounce:0
   free:9469 free_pcp:231 free_cma:0
  Node 0 active_anon:1455304kB inactive_anon:485132kB active_file:260kB inactive_file:608kB unevictable:0kB isolated(anon):128kB isolated(file):0kB mapped:448kB dirty:0kB writeback:184kB shmem:0kB writeback_tmp:0kB unstable:0kB pages_scanned:13641 all_unreclaimable? no
  DMA free:7748kB min:44kB low:56kB high:68kB active_anon:7944kB inactive_anon:104kB active_file:0kB inactive_file:0kB unevictable:0kB writepending:0kB present:15992kB managed:15908kB mlocked:0kB slab_reclaimable:0kB slab_unreclaimable:108kB kernel_stack:0kB pagetables:4kB bounce:0kB free_pcp:0kB local_pcp:0kB free_cma:0kB
  lowmem_reserve[]: 0 1952 1952 1952
  DMA32 free:30128kB min:5628kB low:7624kB high:9620kB active_anon:1447360kB inactive_anon:485028kB active_file:260kB inactive_file:608kB unevictable:0kB writepending:184kB present:2080640kB managed:2030132kB mlocked:0kB slab_reclaimable:11112kB slab_unreclaimable:12172kB kernel_stack:2400kB pagetables:7284kB bounce:0kB free_pcp:924kB local_pcp:72kB free_cma:0kB
  lowmem_reserve[]: 0 0 0 0
  DMA: 7*4kB (UE) 3*8kB (UH) 1*16kB (M) 0*32kB 2*64kB (U) 1*128kB (M) 1*256kB (U) 0*512kB 1*1024kB (U) 1*2048kB (U) 1*4096kB (H) = 7748kB
  DMA32: 10*4kB (H) 3*8kB (H) 47*16kB (H) 38*32kB (H) 5*64kB (H) 1*128kB (H) 2*256kB (H) 3*512kB (H) 3*1024kB (H) 3*2048kB (H) 4*4096kB (H) = 30128kB
  2775 total pagecache pages
  2536 pages in swap cache
  Swap cache stats: add 206786828, delete 206784292, find 7323106/106686077
  Free swap  = 108744kB
  Total swap = 255996kB
  524158 pages RAM
  0 pages HighMem/MovableOnly
  12648 pages reserved
  0 pages cma reserved
  0 pages hwpoisoned

It's weird to show that zone has enough free memory above min watermark
but OOMed with 4K GFP_KERNEL allocation due to reserved highatomic
pages.  As last resort, try to unreserve highatomic pages again and if
it has moved pages to non-highatmoc free list, retry reclaim once more.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1476259429-18279-4-git-send-email-minchan@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Sangseok Lee <sangseok.lee@lge.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
 2016-12-12 18:55:07 -08:00
Minchan Kim
4855e4a7f2 mm: prevent double decrease of nr_reserved_highatomic 
There is race between page freeing and unreserved highatomic.

 CPU 0				    CPU 1

    free_hot_cold_page
      mt = get_pfnblock_migratetype
      set_pcppage_migratetype(page, mt)
    				    unreserve_highatomic_pageblock
    				    spin_lock_irqsave(&zone->lock)
    				    move_freepages_block
    				    set_pageblock_migratetype(page)
    				    spin_unlock_irqrestore(&zone->lock)
      free_pcppages_bulk
        __free_one_page(mt) <- mt is stale

By above race, a page on CPU 0 could go non-highorderatomic free list
since the pageblock's type is changed.  By that, unreserve logic of
highorderatomic can decrease reserved count on a same pageblock severak
times and then it will make mismatch between nr_reserved_highatomic and
the number of reserved pageblock.

So, this patch verifies whether the pageblock is highatomic or not and
decrease the count only if the pageblock is highatomic.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1476259429-18279-3-git-send-email-minchan@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Sangseok Lee <sangseok.lee@lge.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
 2016-12-12 18:55:07 -08:00
Minchan Kim
88ed365ea2 mm: don't steal highatomic pageblock 
Patch series "use up highorder free pages before OOM", v3.

I got OOM report from production team with v4.4 kernel.  It had enough
free memory but failed to allocate GFP_KERNEL order-0 page and finally
encountered OOM kill.  It occured during QA process which launches
several apps, switching and so on.  It happned rarely.  IOW, In normal
situation, it was not a problem but if we are unluck so that several
apps uses peak memory at the same time, it can happen.  If we manage to
pass the phase, the system can go working well.

I could reproduce it with my test(memory spike easily.  Look at below.

The reason is free pages(19M) of DMA32 zone are reserved for
HIGHORDERATOMIC and doesn't unreserved before the OOM.

  balloon invoked oom-killer: gfp_mask=0x24280ca(GFP_HIGHUSER_MOVABLE|__GFP_ZERO), order=0, oom_score_adj=0
  balloon cpuset=/ mems_allowed=0
  CPU: 1 PID: 8473 Comm: balloon Tainted: G        W  OE   4.8.0-rc7-00219-g3f74c9559583-dirty #3161
  Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996), BIOS Ubuntu-1.8.2-1ubuntu1 04/01/2014
  Call Trace:
    dump_stack+0x63/0x90
    dump_header+0x5c/0x1ce
    oom_kill_process+0x22e/0x400
    out_of_memory+0x1ac/0x210
    __alloc_pages_nodemask+0x101e/0x1040
    handle_mm_fault+0xa0a/0xbf0
    __do_page_fault+0x1dd/0x4d0
    trace_do_page_fault+0x43/0x130
    do_async_page_fault+0x1a/0xa0
    async_page_fault+0x28/0x30
  Mem-Info:
  active_anon:383949 inactive_anon:106724 isolated_anon:0
   active_file:15 inactive_file:44 isolated_file:0
   unevictable:0 dirty:0 writeback:24 unstable:0
   slab_reclaimable:2483 slab_unreclaimable:3326
   mapped:0 shmem:0 pagetables:1906 bounce:0
   free:6898 free_pcp:291 free_cma:0
  Node 0 active_anon:1535796kB inactive_anon:426896kB active_file:60kB inactive_file:176kB unevictable:0kB isolated(anon):0kB isolated(file):0kB mapped:0kB dirty:0kB writeback:96kB shmem:0kB writeback_tmp:0kB unstable:0kB pages_scanned:1418 all_unreclaimable? no
  DMA free:8188kB min:44kB low:56kB high:68kB active_anon:7648kB inactive_anon:0kB active_file:0kB inactive_file:4kB unevictable:0kB writepending:0kB present:15992kB managed:15908kB mlocked:0kB slab_reclaimable:0kB slab_unreclaimable:20kB kernel_stack:0kB pagetables:0kB bounce:0kB free_pcp:0kB local_pcp:0kB free_cma:0kB
  lowmem_reserve[]: 0 1952 1952 1952
  DMA32 free:19404kB min:5628kB low:7624kB high:9620kB active_anon:1528148kB inactive_anon:426896kB active_file:60kB inactive_file:420kB unevictable:0kB writepending:96kB present:2080640kB managed:2030092kB mlocked:0kB slab_reclaimable:9932kB slab_unreclaimable:13284kB kernel_stack:2496kB pagetables:7624kB bounce:0kB free_pcp:900kB local_pcp:112kB free_cma:0kB
  lowmem_reserve[]: 0 0 0 0
  DMA: 0*4kB 0*8kB 0*16kB 0*32kB 0*64kB 0*128kB 0*256kB 0*512kB 0*1024kB 0*2048kB 2*4096kB (H) = 8192kB
  DMA32: 7*4kB (H) 8*8kB (H) 30*16kB (H) 31*32kB (H) 14*64kB (H) 9*128kB (H) 2*256kB (H) 2*512kB (H) 4*1024kB (H) 5*2048kB (H) 0*4096kB = 19484kB
  51131 total pagecache pages
  50795 pages in swap cache
  Swap cache stats: add 3532405601, delete 3532354806, find 124289150/1822712228
  Free swap  = 8kB
  Total swap = 255996kB
  524158 pages RAM
  0 pages HighMem/MovableOnly
  12658 pages reserved
  0 pages cma reserved
  0 pages hwpoisoned

Another example exceeded the limit by the race is

  in:imklog: page allocation failure: order:0, mode:0x2280020(GFP_ATOMIC|__GFP_NOTRACK)
  CPU: 0 PID: 476 Comm: in:imklog Tainted: G            E   4.8.0-rc7-00217-g266ef83c51e5-dirty #3135
  Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996), BIOS Ubuntu-1.8.2-1ubuntu1 04/01/2014
  Call Trace:
    dump_stack+0x63/0x90
    warn_alloc_failed+0xdb/0x130
    __alloc_pages_nodemask+0x4d6/0xdb0
    new_slab+0x339/0x490
    ___slab_alloc.constprop.74+0x367/0x480
    __slab_alloc.constprop.73+0x20/0x40
    __kmalloc+0x1a4/0x1e0
    alloc_indirect.isra.14+0x1d/0x50
    virtqueue_add_sgs+0x1c4/0x470
    __virtblk_add_req+0xae/0x1f0
    virtio_queue_rq+0x12d/0x290
    __blk_mq_run_hw_queue+0x239/0x370
    blk_mq_run_hw_queue+0x8f/0xb0
    blk_mq_insert_requests+0x18c/0x1a0
    blk_mq_flush_plug_list+0x125/0x140
    blk_flush_plug_list+0xc7/0x220
    blk_finish_plug+0x2c/0x40
    __do_page_cache_readahead+0x196/0x230
    filemap_fault+0x448/0x4f0
    ext4_filemap_fault+0x36/0x50
    __do_fault+0x75/0x140
    handle_mm_fault+0x84d/0xbe0
    __do_page_fault+0x1dd/0x4d0
    trace_do_page_fault+0x43/0x130
    do_async_page_fault+0x1a/0xa0
    async_page_fault+0x28/0x30
  Mem-Info:
  active_anon:363826 inactive_anon:121283 isolated_anon:32
   active_file:65 inactive_file:152 isolated_file:0
   unevictable:0 dirty:0 writeback:46 unstable:0
   slab_reclaimable:2778 slab_unreclaimable:3070
   mapped:112 shmem:0 pagetables:1822 bounce:0
   free:9469 free_pcp:231 free_cma:0
  Node 0 active_anon:1455304kB inactive_anon:485132kB active_file:260kB inactive_file:608kB unevictable:0kB isolated(anon):128kB isolated(file):0kB mapped:448kB dirty:0kB writeback:184kB shmem:0kB writeback_tmp:0kB unstable:0kB pages_scanned:13641 all_unreclaimable? no
  DMA free:7748kB min:44kB low:56kB high:68kB active_anon:7944kB inactive_anon:104kB active_file:0kB inactive_file:0kB unevictable:0kB writepending:0kB present:15992kB managed:15908kB mlocked:0kB slab_reclaimable:0kB slab_unreclaimable:108kB kernel_stack:0kB pagetables:4kB bounce:0kB free_pcp:0kB local_pcp:0kB free_cma:0kB
  lowmem_reserve[]: 0 1952 1952 1952
  DMA32 free:30128kB min:5628kB low:7624kB high:9620kB active_anon:1447360kB inactive_anon:485028kB active_file:260kB inactive_file:608kB unevictable:0kB writepending:184kB present:2080640kB managed:2030132kB mlocked:0kB slab_reclaimable:11112kB slab_unreclaimable:12172kB kernel_stack:2400kB pagetables:7284kB bounce:0kB free_pcp:924kB local_pcp:72kB free_cma:0kB
  lowmem_reserve[]: 0 0 0 0
  DMA: 7*4kB (UE) 3*8kB (UH) 1*16kB (M) 0*32kB 2*64kB (U) 1*128kB (M) 1*256kB (U) 0*512kB 1*1024kB (U) 1*2048kB (U) 1*4096kB (H) = 7748kB
  DMA32: 10*4kB (H) 3*8kB (H) 47*16kB (H) 38*32kB (H) 5*64kB (H) 1*128kB (H) 2*256kB (H) 3*512kB (H) 3*1024kB (H) 3*2048kB (H) 4*4096kB (H) = 30128kB
  2775 total pagecache pages
  2536 pages in swap cache
  Swap cache stats: add 206786828, delete 206784292, find 7323106/106686077
  Free swap  = 108744kB
  Total swap = 255996kB
  524158 pages RAM
  0 pages HighMem/MovableOnly
  12648 pages reserved
  0 pages cma reserved
  0 pages hwpoisoned

During the investigation, I found some problems with highatomic so this
patch aims to solve the problems and the final goal is to unreserve
every highatomic free pages before the OOM kill.

This patch (of 4):

In page freeing path, migratetype is racy so that a highorderatomic page
could free into non-highorderatomic free list.  If that page is
allocated, VM can change the pageblock from higorderatomic to something.
In that case, highatomic pageblock accounting is broken so it doesn't
work(e.g., VM cannot reserve highorderatomic pageblocks any more
although it doesn't reach 1% limit).

So, this patch prohibits the changing from highatomic to other type.
It's no problem because MIGRATE_HIGHATOMIC is not listed in fallback
array so stealing will only happen due to unexpected races which is
really rare.  Also, such prohibiting keeps highatomic pageblock more
longer so it would be better for highorderatomic page allocation.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1476259429-18279-2-git-send-email-minchan@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Sangseok Lee <sangseok.lee@lge.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
 2016-12-12 18:55:07 -08:00
Ingo Molnar
89a01c51cb Merge branch 'x86/cpufeature' into x86/asm, to pick up dependency 
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
 2016-11-17 08:30:54 +01:00
Tetsuo Handa
9e80c719a8 mm: remove extra newline from allocation stall warning 
Commit 63f53dea0c ("mm: warn about allocations which stall for too
long") by error embedded "\n" in the format string, resulting in strange
output.

  [  722.876655] kworker/0:1: page alloction stalls for 160001ms, order:0
  [  722.876656] , mode:0x2400000(GFP_NOIO)
  [  722.876657] CPU: 0 PID: 6966 Comm: kworker/0:1 Not tainted 4.8.0+ #69

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1476026219-7974-1-git-send-email-penguin-kernel@I-love.SAKURA.ne.jp
Signed-off-by: Tetsuo Handa <penguin-kernel@I-love.SAKURA.ne.jp>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
 2016-11-11 08:12:37 -08:00
Sebastian Andrzej Siewior
005fd4bbef mm/page_alloc: Convert to hotplug state machine 
Install the callbacks via the state machine.

Signed-off-by: Sebastian Andrzej Siewior <bigeasy@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: linux-mm@kvack.org
Cc: rt@linutronix.de
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20161103145021.28528-7-bigeasy@linutronix.de
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
 2016-11-09 23:45:27 +01:00
Linus Torvalds
577f12c07e - make sure required exports from gcc plugins are visible to gcc 
- switch latent_entropy to unsigned long to avoid stack frame bloat
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Merge tag 'gcc-plugins-v4.9-rc4' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/kees/linux

Pull gcc plugin fixes from Kees Cook:
 - make sure required exports from gcc plugins are visible to gcc
 - switch latent_entropy to unsigned long to avoid stack frame bloat

* tag 'gcc-plugins-v4.9-rc4' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/kees/linux:
  latent_entropy: Fix wrong gcc code generation with 64 bit variables
  gcc-plugins: Export symbols needed by gcc
 2016-11-01 17:48:46 -06:00
Ingo Molnar
05b93c19d5 Merge branch 'linus' into x86/asm, to pick up fixes 
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
 2016-11-01 07:41:06 +01:00
Kees Cook
58bea4144d latent_entropy: Fix wrong gcc code generation with 64 bit variables 
The stack frame size could grow too large when the plugin used long long
on 32-bit architectures when the given function had too many basic blocks.

The gcc warning was:

drivers/pci/hotplug/ibmphp_ebda.c: In function 'ibmphp_access_ebda':
drivers/pci/hotplug/ibmphp_ebda.c:409:1: warning: the frame size of 1108 bytes is larger than 1024 bytes [-Wframe-larger-than=]

This switches latent_entropy from u64 to unsigned long.

Thanks to PaX Team and Emese Revfy for the patch.

Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
 2016-10-31 11:30:41 -07:00
Joe Perches
1f84a18fc0 mm: page_alloc: use KERN_CONT where appropriate 
Recent changes to printk require KERN_CONT uses to continue logging
messages.  So add KERN_CONT where necessary.

[akpm@linux-foundation.org: coding-style fixes]
Fixes: 4bcc595ccd ("printk: reinstate KERN_CONT for printing continuation lines")
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/c7df37c8665134654a17aaeb8b9f6ace1d6db58b.1476239034.git.joe@perches.com
Reported-by: Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@arm.com>
Signed-off-by: Joe Perches <joe@perches.com>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
 2016-10-27 18:43:43 -07:00
Linus Torvalds
9dcb8b685f mm: remove per-zone hashtable of bitlock waitqueues 
The per-zone waitqueues exist because of a scalability issue with the
page waitqueues on some NUMA machines, but it turns out that they hurt
normal loads, and now with the vmalloced stacks they also end up
breaking gfs2 that uses a bit_wait on a stack object:

     wait_on_bit(&gh->gh_iflags, HIF_WAIT, TASK_UNINTERRUPTIBLE)

where 'gh' can be a reference to the local variable 'mount_gh' on the
stack of fill_super().

The reason the per-zone hash table breaks for this case is that there is
no "zone" for virtual allocations, and trying to look up the physical
page to get at it will fail (with a BUG_ON()).

It turns out that I actually complained to the mm people about the
per-zone hash table for another reason just a month ago: the zone lookup
also hurts the regular use of "unlock_page()" a lot, because the zone
lookup ends up forcing several unnecessary cache misses and generates
horrible code.

As part of that earlier discussion, we had a much better solution for
the NUMA scalability issue - by just making the page lock have a
separate contention bit, the waitqueue doesn't even have to be looked at
for the normal case.

Peter Zijlstra already has a patch for that, but let's see if anybody
even notices.  In the meantime, let's fix the actual gfs2 breakage by
simplifying the bitlock waitqueues and removing the per-zone issue.

Reported-by: Andreas Gruenbacher <agruenba@redhat.com>
Tested-by: Bob Peterson <rpeterso@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Andy Lutomirski <luto@kernel.org>
Cc: Steven Whitehouse <swhiteho@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
 2016-10-27 09:27:57 -07:00
Josh Poimboeuf
adb1fe9ae2 mm/page_alloc: Remove kernel address exposure in free_reserved_area() 
Linus suggested we try to remove some of the low-hanging fruit related
to kernel address exposure in dmesg.  The only leaks I see on my local
system are:

  Freeing SMP alternatives memory: 32K (ffffffff9e309000 - ffffffff9e311000)
  Freeing initrd memory: 10588K (ffffa0b736b42000 - ffffa0b737599000)
  Freeing unused kernel memory: 3592K (ffffffff9df87000 - ffffffff9e309000)
  Freeing unused kernel memory: 1352K (ffffa0b7288ae000 - ffffa0b728a00000)
  Freeing unused kernel memory: 632K (ffffa0b728d62000 - ffffa0b728e00000)

Linus says:

  "I suspect we should just remove [the addresses in the 'Freeing'
   messages]. I'm sure they are useful in theory, but I suspect they
   were more useful back when the whole "free init memory" was
   originally done.

   These days, if we have a use-after-free, I suspect the init-mem
   situation is the easiest situation by far. Compared to all the dynamic
   allocations which are much more likely to show it anyway. So having
   debug output for that case is likely not all that productive."

With this patch the freeing messages now look like this:

  Freeing SMP alternatives memory: 32K
  Freeing initrd memory: 10588K
  Freeing unused kernel memory: 3592K
  Freeing unused kernel memory: 1352K
  Freeing unused kernel memory: 632K

Suggested-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Josh Poimboeuf <jpoimboe@redhat.com>
Cc: Andy Lutomirski <luto@kernel.org>
Cc: Borislav Petkov <bp@alien8.de>
Cc: Brian Gerst <brgerst@gmail.com>
Cc: Denys Vlasenko <dvlasenk@redhat.com>
Cc: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: linux-mm@kvack.org
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/6836ff90c45b71d38e5d4405aec56fa9e5d1d4b2.1477405374.git.jpoimboe@redhat.com
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
 2016-10-25 18:40:37 +02:00
Linus Torvalds
9ffc66941d This adds a new gcc plugin named "latent_entropy". It is designed to 
extract as much possible uncertainty from a running system at boot time as
 possible, hoping to capitalize on any possible variation in CPU operation
 (due to runtime data differences, hardware differences, SMP ordering,
 thermal timing variation, cache behavior, etc).
 
 At the very least, this plugin is a much more comprehensive example for
 how to manipulate kernel code using the gcc plugin internals.
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Merge tag 'gcc-plugins-v4.9-rc1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/kees/linux

Pull gcc plugins update from Kees Cook:
 "This adds a new gcc plugin named "latent_entropy". It is designed to
  extract as much possible uncertainty from a running system at boot
  time as possible, hoping to capitalize on any possible variation in
  CPU operation (due to runtime data differences, hardware differences,
  SMP ordering, thermal timing variation, cache behavior, etc).

  At the very least, this plugin is a much more comprehensive example
  for how to manipulate kernel code using the gcc plugin internals"

* tag 'gcc-plugins-v4.9-rc1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/kees/linux:
  latent_entropy: Mark functions with __latent_entropy
  gcc-plugins: Add latent_entropy plugin
 2016-10-15 10:03:15 -07:00
Emese Revfy
0766f788eb latent_entropy: Mark functions with __latent_entropy 
The __latent_entropy gcc attribute can be used only on functions and
variables.  If it is on a function then the plugin will instrument it for
gathering control-flow entropy. If the attribute is on a variable then
the plugin will initialize it with random contents.  The variable must
be an integer, an integer array type or a structure with integer fields.

These specific functions have been selected because they are init
functions (to help gather boot-time entropy), are called at unpredictable
times, or they have variable loops, each of which provide some level of
latent entropy.

Signed-off-by: Emese Revfy <re.emese@gmail.com>
[kees: expanded commit message]
Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
 2016-10-10 14:51:45 -07:00
Emese Revfy
38addce8b6 gcc-plugins: Add latent_entropy plugin 
This adds a new gcc plugin named "latent_entropy". It is designed to
extract as much possible uncertainty from a running system at boot time as
possible, hoping to capitalize on any possible variation in CPU operation
(due to runtime data differences, hardware differences, SMP ordering,
thermal timing variation, cache behavior, etc).

At the very least, this plugin is a much more comprehensive example for
how to manipulate kernel code using the gcc plugin internals.

The need for very-early boot entropy tends to be very architecture or
system design specific, so this plugin is more suited for those sorts
of special cases. The existing kernel RNG already attempts to extract
entropy from reliable runtime variation, but this plugin takes the idea to
a logical extreme by permuting a global variable based on any variation
in code execution (e.g. a different value (and permutation function)
is used to permute the global based on loop count, case statement,
if/then/else branching, etc).

To do this, the plugin starts by inserting a local variable in every
marked function. The plugin then adds logic so that the value of this
variable is modified by randomly chosen operations (add, xor and rol) and
random values (gcc generates separate static values for each location at
compile time and also injects the stack pointer at runtime). The resulting
value depends on the control flow path (e.g., loops and branches taken).

Before the function returns, the plugin mixes this local variable into
the latent_entropy global variable. The value of this global variable
is added to the kernel entropy pool in do_one_initcall() and _do_fork(),
though it does not credit any bytes of entropy to the pool; the contents
of the global are just used to mix the pool.

Additionally, the plugin can pre-initialize arrays with build-time
random contents, so that two different kernel builds running on identical
hardware will not have the same starting values.

Signed-off-by: Emese Revfy <re.emese@gmail.com>
[kees: expanded commit message and code comments]
Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
 2016-10-10 14:51:44 -07:00
Michal Hocko
63f53dea0c mm: warn about allocations which stall for too long 
Currently we do warn only about allocation failures but small
allocations are basically nofail and they might loop in the page
allocator for a long time.  Especially when the reclaim cannot make any
progress - e.g.  GFP_NOFS cannot invoke the oom killer and rely on a
different context to make a forward progress in case there is a lot
memory used by filesystems.

Give us at least a clue when something like this happens and warn about
allocations which take more than 10s.  Print the basic allocation
context information along with the cumulative time spent in the
allocation as well as the allocation stack.  Repeat the warning after
every 10 seconds so that we know that the problem is permanent rather
than ephemeral.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20160929084407.7004-3-mhocko@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Tetsuo Handa <penguin-kernel@I-love.SAKURA.ne.jp>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
 2016-10-07 18:46:29 -07:00
Michal Hocko
7877cdcc38 mm: consolidate warn_alloc_failed users 
warn_alloc_failed is currently used from the page and vmalloc
allocators.  This is a good reuse of the code except that vmalloc would
appreciate a slightly different warning message.  This is already
handled by the fmt parameter except that

  "%s: page allocation failure: order:%u, mode:%#x(%pGg)"

is printed anyway.  This might be quite misleading because it might be a
vmalloc failure which leads to the warning while the page allocator is
not the culprit here.  Fix this by always using the fmt string and only
print the context that makes sense for the particular context (e.g.
order makes only very little sense for the vmalloc context).

Rename the function to not miss any user and also because a later patch
will reuse it also for !failure cases.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20160929084407.7004-2-mhocko@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Tetsuo Handa <penguin-kernel@I-love.SAKURA.ne.jp>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
 2016-10-07 18:46:29 -07:00
Vlastimil Babka
423b452e15 mm, page_alloc: pull no_progress_loops update to should_reclaim_retry() 
The should_reclaim_retry() makes decisions based on no_progress_loops,
so it makes sense to also update the counter there.  It will be also
consistent with should_compact_retry() and compaction_retries.  No
functional change.

[hillf.zj@alibaba-inc.com: fix missing pointer dereferences]
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20160926162025.21555-3-vbabka@suse.cz
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Acked-by: Hillf Danton <hillf.zj@alibaba-inc.com>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
 2016-10-07 18:46:29 -07:00
Vlastimil Babka
c2033b00db mm, compaction: restrict full priority to non-costly orders 
The new ultimate compaction priority disables some heuristics, which may
result in excessive cost.  This is fine for non-costly orders where we
want to try hard before resulting for OOM, but might be disruptive for
costly orders which do not trigger OOM and should generally have some
fallback.  Thus, we disable the full priority for costly orders.

Suggested-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20160906135258.18335-4-vbabka@suse.cz
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Tetsuo Handa <penguin-kernel@i-love.sakura.ne.jp>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
 2016-10-07 18:46:29 -07:00
Vlastimil Babka
d943649831 mm, compaction: more reliably increase direct compaction priority 
During reclaim/compaction loop, compaction priority can be increased by
the should_compact_retry() function, but the current code is not
optimal.  Priority is only increased when compaction_failed() is true,
which means that compaction has scanned the whole zone.  This may not
happen even after multiple attempts with a lower priority due to
parallel activity, so we might needlessly struggle on the lower
priorities and possibly run out of compaction retry attempts in the
process.

After this patch we are guaranteed at least one attempt at the highest
compaction priority even if we exhaust all retries at the lower
priorities.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20160906135258.18335-3-vbabka@suse.cz
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Tetsuo Handa <penguin-kernel@i-love.sakura.ne.jp>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
 2016-10-07 18:46:28 -07:00
Vlastimil Babka
3250845d05 Revert "mm, oom: prevent premature OOM killer invocation for high order request" 
Patch series "reintroduce compaction feedback for OOM decisions".

After several people reported OOM's for order-2 allocations in 4.7 due
to Michal Hocko's OOM rework, he reverted the part that considered
compaction feedback [1] in the decisions to retry reclaim/compaction.
This was to provide a fix quickly for 4.8 rc and 4.7 stable series,
while mmotm had an almost complete solution that instead improved
compaction reliability.

This series completes the mmotm solution and reintroduces the compaction
feedback into OOM decisions.  The first two patches restore the state of
mmotm before the temporary solution was merged, the last patch should be
the missing piece for reliability.  The third patch restricts the
hardened compaction to non-costly orders, since costly orders don't
result in OOMs in the first place.

[1] http://marc.info/?i=20160822093249.GA14916%40dhcp22.suse.cz%3E

This patch (of 4):

Commit 6b4e3181d7 ("mm, oom: prevent premature OOM killer invocation
for high order request") was intended as a quick fix of OOM regressions
for 4.8 and stable 4.7.x kernels.  For a better long-term solution, we
still want to consider compaction feedback, which should be possible
after some more improvements in the following patches.

This reverts commit 6b4e3181d7.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20160906135258.18335-2-vbabka@suse.cz
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Tetsuo Handa <penguin-kernel@i-love.sakura.ne.jp>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
 2016-10-07 18:46:28 -07:00
Srikar Dronamraju
f6f34b4387 mm: introduce arch_reserved_kernel_pages() 
Currently arch specific code can reserve memory blocks but
alloc_large_system_hash() may not take it into consideration when sizing
the hashes.  This can lead to bigger hash than required and lead to no
available memory for other purposes.  This is specifically true for
systems with CONFIG_DEFERRED_STRUCT_PAGE_INIT enabled.

One approach to solve this problem would be to walk through the memblock
regions and calculate the available memory and base the size of hash
system on the available memory.

The other approach would be to depend on the architecture to provide the
number of pages that are reserved.  This change provides hooks to allow
the architecture to provide the required info.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1472476010-4709-2-git-send-email-srikar@linux.vnet.ibm.com
Signed-off-by: Srikar Dronamraju <srikar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Suggested-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org>
Cc: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au>
Cc: Mahesh Salgaonkar <mahesh@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Hari Bathini <hbathini@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@intel.com>
Cc: Balbir Singh <bsingharora@gmail.com>
Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
 2016-10-07 18:46:28 -07:00
Aneesh Kumar K.V
c9634cf012 mm: use zonelist name instead of using hardcoded index 
Use the existing enums instead of hardcoded index when looking at the
zonelist.  This makes it more readable.  No functionality change by this
patch.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1472227078-24852-1-git-send-email-aneesh.kumar@linux.vnet.ibm.com
Signed-off-by: Aneesh Kumar K.V <aneesh.kumar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Anshuman Khandual <khandual@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
 2016-10-07 18:46:28 -07:00
Joonsoo Kim
980ac1672e mm/page_ext: support extra space allocation by page_ext user 
Until now, if some page_ext users want to use it's own field on
page_ext, it should be defined in struct page_ext by hard-coding.  It
has a problem that wastes memory in following situation.

  struct page_ext {
   #ifdef CONFIG_A
  	int a;
   #endif
   #ifdef CONFIG_B
  	int b;
   #endif
  };

Assume that kernel is built with both CONFIG_A and CONFIG_B.  Even if we
enable feature A and doesn't enable feature B at runtime, each entry of
struct page_ext takes two int rather than one int.  It's undesirable
result so this patch tries to fix it.

To solve above problem, this patch implements to support extra space
allocation at runtime.  When need() callback returns true, it's extra
memory requirement is summed to entry size of page_ext.  Also, offset
for each user's extra memory space is returned.  With this offset, user
can use this extra space and there is no need to define needed field on
page_ext by hard-coding.

This patch only implements an infrastructure.  Following patch will use
it for page_owner which is only user having it's own fields on page_ext.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1471315879-32294-6-git-send-email-iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com
Signed-off-by: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org>
Cc: Sergey Senozhatsky <sergey.senozhatsky@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
 2016-10-07 18:46:27 -07:00
Joonsoo Kim
f1c1e9f7b5 mm/debug_pagealloc.c: don't allocate page_ext if we don't use guard page 
What debug_pagealloc does is just mapping/unmapping page table.
Basically, it doesn't need additional memory space to memorize
something.  But, with guard page feature, it requires additional memory
to distinguish if the page is for guard or not.  Guard page is only used
when debug_guardpage_minorder is non-zero so this patch removes
additional memory allocation (page_ext) if debug_guardpage_minorder is
zero.

It saves memory if we just use debug_pagealloc and not guard page.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1471315879-32294-3-git-send-email-iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com
Signed-off-by: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Reviewed-by: Sergey Senozhatsky <sergey.senozhatsky@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
 2016-10-07 18:46:27 -07:00
Joonsoo Kim
acbc15a4b3 mm/debug_pagealloc.c: clean-up guard page handling code 
Patch series "Reduce memory waste by page extension user".

This patchset tries to reduce memory waste by page extension user.

First case is architecture supported debug_pagealloc.  It doesn't
requires additional memory if guard page isn't used.  8 bytes per page
will be saved in this case.

Second case is related to page owner feature.  Until now, if page_ext
users want to use it's own fields on page_ext, fields should be defined
in struct page_ext by hard-coding.  It has a following problem.

  struct page_ext {
   #ifdef CONFIG_A
  	int a;
   #endif
   #ifdef CONFIG_B
	int b;
   #endif
  };

Assume that kernel is built with both CONFIG_A and CONFIG_B.  Even if we
enable feature A and doesn't enable feature B at runtime, each entry of
struct page_ext takes two int rather than one int.  It's undesirable
waste so this patch tries to reduce it.  By this patchset, we can save
20 bytes per page dedicated for page owner feature in some
configurations.

This patch (of 6):

We can make code clean by moving decision condition for set_page_guard()
into set_page_guard() itself.  It will help code readability.  There is
no functional change.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1471315879-32294-2-git-send-email-iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com
Signed-off-by: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org>
Cc: Sergey Senozhatsky <sergey.senozhatsky@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
 2016-10-07 18:46:27 -07:00
Xishi Qiu
e780149bcd mm: fix set pageblock migratetype in deferred struct page init 
On x86_64 MAX_ORDER_NR_PAGES is usually 4M, and a pageblock is usually
2M, so we only set one pageblock's migratetype in deferred_free_range()
if pfn is aligned to MAX_ORDER_NR_PAGES.  That means it causes
uninitialized migratetype blocks, you can see from "cat
/proc/pagetypeinfo", almost half blocks are Unmovable.

Also we missed freeing the last block in deferred_init_memmap(), it
causes memory leak.

Fixes: ac5d2539b2 ("mm: meminit: reduce number of times pageblocks are set during struct page init")
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/57A3260F.4050709@huawei.com
Signed-off-by: Xishi Qiu <qiuxishi@huawei.com>
Cc: Taku Izumi <izumi.taku@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: "Kirill A . Shutemov" <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Kamezawa Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
 2016-10-07 18:46:27 -07:00
Xishi Qiu
e506b99696 mem-hotplug: fix node spanned pages when we have a movable node 
Commit 342332e6a9 ("mm/page_alloc.c: introduce kernelcore=mirror
option") rewrote the calculation of node spanned pages.  But when we
have a movable node, the size of node spanned pages is double added.
That's because we have an empty normal zone, the present pages is zero,
but its spanned pages is not zero.

e.g.
    Zone ranges:
      DMA      [mem 0x0000000000001000-0x0000000000ffffff]
      DMA32    [mem 0x0000000001000000-0x00000000ffffffff]
      Normal   [mem 0x0000000100000000-0x0000007c7fffffff]
    Movable zone start for each node
      Node 1: 0x0000001080000000
      Node 2: 0x0000002080000000
      Node 3: 0x0000003080000000
      Node 4: 0x0000003c80000000
      Node 5: 0x0000004c80000000
      Node 6: 0x0000005c80000000
    Early memory node ranges
      node   0: [mem 0x0000000000001000-0x000000000009ffff]
      node   0: [mem 0x0000000000100000-0x000000007552afff]
      node   0: [mem 0x000000007bd46000-0x000000007bd46fff]
      node   0: [mem 0x000000007bdcd000-0x000000007bffffff]
      node   0: [mem 0x0000000100000000-0x000000107fffffff]
      node   1: [mem 0x0000001080000000-0x000000207fffffff]
      node   2: [mem 0x0000002080000000-0x000000307fffffff]
      node   3: [mem 0x0000003080000000-0x0000003c7fffffff]
      node   4: [mem 0x0000003c80000000-0x0000004c7fffffff]
      node   5: [mem 0x0000004c80000000-0x0000005c7fffffff]
      node   6: [mem 0x0000005c80000000-0x0000006c7fffffff]
      node   7: [mem 0x0000006c80000000-0x0000007c7fffffff]

  node1:
    Normal, start=0x1080000, present=0x0, spanned=0x1000000
    Movable, start=0x1080000, present=0x1000000, spanned=0x1000000
    pgdat, start=0x1080000, present=0x1000000, spanned=0x2000000

After this patch, the problem is fixed.

  node1:
    Normal, start=0x0, present=0x0, spanned=0x0
    Movable, start=0x1080000, present=0x1000000, spanned=0x1000000
    pgdat, start=0x1080000, present=0x1000000, spanned=0x1000000

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/57A325E8.6070100@huawei.com
Signed-off-by: Xishi Qiu <qiuxishi@huawei.com>
Cc: Taku Izumi <izumi.taku@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: "Kirill A . Shutemov" <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Kamezawa Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
 2016-10-07 18:46:27 -07:00
Vlastimil Babka
8348faf91f mm, compaction: require only min watermarks for non-costly orders 
The __compaction_suitable() function checks the low watermark plus a
compact_gap() gap to decide if there's enough free memory to perform
compaction.  Then __isolate_free_page uses low watermark check to decide
if particular free page can be isolated.  In the latter case, using low
watermark is needlessly pessimistic, as the free page isolations are
only temporary.  For __compaction_suitable() the higher watermark makes
sense for high-order allocations where more freepages increase the
chance of success, and we can typically fail with some order-0 fallback
when the system is struggling to reach that watermark.  But for
low-order allocation, forming the page should not be that hard.  So
using low watermark here might just prevent compaction from even trying,
and eventually lead to OOM killer even if we are above min watermarks.

So after this patch, we use min watermark for non-costly orders in
__compaction_suitable(), and for all orders in __isolate_free_page().

[vbabka@suse.cz: clarify __isolate_free_page() comment]
 Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/7ae4baec-4eca-e70b-2a69-94bea4fb19fa@suse.cz
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20160810091226.6709-11-vbabka@suse.cz
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Tested-by: Lorenzo Stoakes <lstoakes@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Tested-by: Lorenzo Stoakes <lstoakes@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
 2016-10-07 18:46:27 -07:00
Vlastimil Babka
984fdba6a3 mm, compaction: use proper alloc_flags in __compaction_suitable() 
The __compaction_suitable() function checks the low watermark plus a
compact_gap() gap to decide if there's enough free memory to perform
compaction.  This check uses direct compactor's alloc_flags, but that's
wrong, since these flags are not applicable for freepage isolation.

For example, alloc_flags may indicate access to memory reserves, making
compaction proceed, and then fail watermark check during the isolation.

A similar problem exists for ALLOC_CMA, which may be part of
alloc_flags, but not during freepage isolation.  In this case however it
makes sense to use ALLOC_CMA both in __compaction_suitable() and
__isolate_free_page(), since there's actually nothing preventing the
freepage scanner to isolate from CMA pageblocks, with the assumption
that a page that could be migrated once by compaction can be migrated
also later by CMA allocation.  Thus we should count pages in CMA
pageblocks when considering compaction suitability and when isolating
freepages.

To sum up, this patch should remove some false positives from
__compaction_suitable(), and allow compaction to proceed when free pages
required for compaction reside in the CMA pageblocks.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20160810091226.6709-10-vbabka@suse.cz
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Tested-by: Lorenzo Stoakes <lstoakes@gmail.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
 2016-10-07 18:46:27 -07:00
Mel Gorman
6aa303defb mm, vmscan: only allocate and reclaim from zones with pages managed by the buddy allocator 
Firmware Assisted Dump (FA_DUMP) on ppc64 reserves substantial amounts
of memory when booting a secondary kernel.  Srikar Dronamraju reported
that multiple nodes may have no memory managed by the buddy allocator
but still return true for populated_zone().

Commit 1d82de618d ("mm, vmscan: make kswapd reclaim in terms of
nodes") was reported to cause kswapd to spin at 100% CPU usage when
fadump was enabled.  The old code happened to deal with the situation of
a populated node with zero free pages by co-incidence but the current
code tries to reclaim populated zones without realising that is
impossible.

We cannot just convert populated_zone() as many existing users really
need to check for present_pages.  This patch introduces a managed_zone()
helper and uses it in the few cases where it is critical that the check
is made for managed pages -- zonelist construction and page reclaim.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20160831195104.GB8119@techsingularity.net
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Reported-by: Srikar Dronamraju <srikar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Tested-by: Srikar Dronamraju <srikar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
 2016-09-01 17:52:01 -07:00
Michal Hocko
6b4e3181d7 mm, oom: prevent premature OOM killer invocation for high order request 
There have been several reports about pre-mature OOM killer invocation
in 4.7 kernel when order-2 allocation request (for the kernel stack)
invoked OOM killer even during basic workloads (light IO or even kernel
compile on some filesystems).  In all reported cases the memory is
fragmented and there are no order-2+ pages available.  There is usually
a large amount of slab memory (usually dentries/inodes) and further
debugging has shown that there are way too many unmovable blocks which
are skipped during the compaction.  Multiple reporters have confirmed
that the current linux-next which includes [1] and [2] helped and OOMs
are not reproducible anymore.

A simpler fix for the late rc and stable is to simply ignore the
compaction feedback and retry as long as there is a reclaim progress and
we are not getting OOM for order-0 pages.  We already do that for
CONFING_COMPACTION=n so let's reuse the same code when compaction is
enabled as well.

[1] http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20160810091226.6709-1-vbabka@suse.cz
[2] http://lkml.kernel.org/r/f7a9ea9d-bb88-bfd6-e340-3a933559305a@suse.cz

Fixes: 0a0337e0d1 ("mm, oom: rework oom detection")
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20160823074339.GB23577@dhcp22.suse.cz
Signed-off-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Tested-by: Olaf Hering <olaf@aepfle.de>
Tested-by: Ralf-Peter Rohbeck <Ralf-Peter.Rohbeck@quantum.com>
Cc: Markus Trippelsdorf <markus@trippelsdorf.de>
Cc: Arkadiusz Miskiewicz <a.miskiewicz@gmail.com>
Cc: Ralf-Peter Rohbeck <Ralf-Peter.Rohbeck@quantum.com>
Cc: Jiri Slaby <jslaby@suse.com>
Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <js1304@gmail.com>
Cc: Tetsuo Handa <penguin-kernel@i-love.sakura.ne.jp>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>	[4.7.x]
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
 2016-09-01 17:52:01 -07:00
Mel Gorman
2f95ff90b9 proc, meminfo: use correct helpers for calculating LRU sizes in meminfo 
meminfo_proc_show() and si_mem_available() are using the wrong helpers
for calculating the size of the LRUs.  The user-visible impact is that
there appears to be an abnormally high number of unevictable pages.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20160805105805.GR2799@techsingularity.net
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: Dave Chinner <david@fromorbit.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
 2016-08-11 16:58:13 -07:00
Joonsoo Kim
6423aa8192 mm/page_alloc.c: recalculate some of node threshold when on/offline memory 
Some of node threshold depends on number of managed pages in the node.
When memory is going on/offline, it can be changed and we need to adjust
them.

Add recalculation to appropriate places and clean-up related functions
for better maintenance.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1470724248-26780-2-git-send-email-iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com
Signed-off-by: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
 2016-08-10 16:40:56 -07:00
Joonsoo Kim
81cbcbc2d8 mm/page_alloc.c: fix wrong initialization when sysctl_min_unmapped_ratio changes 
Before resetting min_unmapped_pages, we need to initialize
min_unmapped_pages rather than min_slab_pages.

Fixes: a5f5f91da6 (mm: convert zone_reclaim to node_reclaim)
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1470724248-26780-1-git-send-email-iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com
Signed-off-by: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
 2016-08-10 16:40:56 -07:00
Vladimir Davydov
c4159a75b6 mm: memcontrol: only mark charged pages with PageKmemcg 
To distinguish non-slab pages charged to kmemcg we mark them PageKmemcg,
which sets page->_mapcount to -512.  Currently, we set/clear PageKmemcg
in __alloc_pages_nodemask()/free_pages_prepare() for any page allocated
with __GFP_ACCOUNT, including those that aren't actually charged to any
cgroup, i.e. allocated from the root cgroup context.  To avoid overhead
in case cgroups are not used, we only do that if memcg_kmem_enabled() is
true.  The latter is set iff there are kmem-enabled memory cgroups
(online or offline).  The root cgroup is not considered kmem-enabled.

As a result, if a page is allocated with __GFP_ACCOUNT for the root
cgroup when there are kmem-enabled memory cgroups and is freed after all
kmem-enabled memory cgroups were removed, e.g.

  # no memory cgroups has been created yet, create one
  mkdir /sys/fs/cgroup/memory/test
  # run something allocating pages with __GFP_ACCOUNT, e.g.
  # a program using pipe
  dmesg | tail
  # remove the memory cgroup
  rmdir /sys/fs/cgroup/memory/test

we'll get bad page state bug complaining about page->_mapcount != -1:

  BUG: Bad page state in process swapper/0  pfn:1fd945c
  page:ffffea007f651700 count:0 mapcount:-511 mapping:          (null) index:0x0
  flags: 0x1000000000000000()

To avoid that, let's mark with PageKmemcg only those pages that are
actually charged to and hence pin a non-root memory cgroup.

Fixes: 4949148ad4 ("mm: charge/uncharge kmemcg from generic page allocator paths")
Reported-and-tested-by: Eric Dumazet <eric.dumazet@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov@virtuozzo.com>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
 2016-08-09 10:14:10 -07:00
Mel Gorman
b4911ea2bc mm: initialise per_cpu_nodestats for all online pgdats at boot 
Paul Mackerras and Reza Arbab reported that machines with memoryless
nodes fail when vmstats are refreshed.  Paul reported an oops as follows

  Unable to handle kernel paging request for data at address 0xff7a10000
  Faulting instruction address: 0xc000000000270cd0
  Oops: Kernel access of bad area, sig: 11 [#1]
  SMP NR_CPUS=2048 NUMA PowerNV
  Modules linked in:
  CPU: 0 PID: 1 Comm: swapper/0 Not tainted 4.7.0-kvm+ #118
  task: c000000ff0680010 task.stack: c000000ff0704000
  NIP: c000000000270cd0 LR: c000000000270ce8 CTR: 0000000000000000
  REGS: c000000ff0707900 TRAP: 0300   Not tainted  (4.7.0-kvm+)
  MSR: 9000000102009033 <SF,HV,VEC,EE,ME,IR,DR,RI,LE,TM[E]>  CR: 846b6824  XER: 20000000
  CFAR: c000000000008768 DAR: 0000000ff7a10000 DSISR: 42000000 SOFTE: 1
  NIP refresh_zone_stat_thresholds+0x80/0x240
  LR refresh_zone_stat_thresholds+0x98/0x240
  Call Trace:
    refresh_zone_stat_thresholds+0xb8/0x240 (unreliable)

Both supplied potential fixes but one potentially misses checks and
another had redundant initialisations.  This version initialises
per_cpu_nodestats on a per-pgdat basis instead of on a per-zone basis.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20160804092404.GI2799@techsingularity.net
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Reported-by: Paul Mackerras <paulus@ozlabs.org>
Reported-by: Reza Arbab <arbab@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Tested-by: Reza Arbab <arbab@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
 2016-08-04 20:02:09 -04:00
Fabian Frederick
bd721ea73e treewide: replace obsolete _refok by __ref 
There was only one use of __initdata_refok and __exit_refok

__init_refok was used 46 times against 82 for __ref.

Those definitions are obsolete since commit 312b1485fb ("Introduce new
section reference annotations tags: __ref, __refdata, __refconst")

This patch removes the following compatibility definitions and replaces
them treewide.

/* compatibility defines */
#define __init_refok     __ref
#define __initdata_refok __refdata
#define __exit_refok     __ref

I can also provide separate patches if necessary.
(One patch per tree and check in 1 month or 2 to remove old definitions)

[akpm@linux-foundation.org: coding-style fixes]
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1466796271-3043-1-git-send-email-fabf@skynet.be
Signed-off-by: Fabian Frederick <fabf@skynet.be>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com>
Cc: Sam Ravnborg <sam@ravnborg.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
 2016-08-02 17:31:41 -04:00
Vlastimil Babka
c3486f5376 mm, compaction: simplify contended compaction handling 
Async compaction detects contention either due to failing trylock on
zone->lock or lru_lock, or by need_resched().  Since 1f9efdef4f ("mm,
compaction: khugepaged should not give up due to need_resched()") the
code got quite complicated to distinguish these two up to the
__alloc_pages_slowpath() level, so different decisions could be taken
for khugepaged allocations.

After the recent changes, khugepaged allocations don't check for
contended compaction anymore, so we again don't need to distinguish lock
and sched contention, and simplify the current convoluted code a lot.

However, I believe it's also possible to simplify even more and
completely remove the check for contended compaction after the initial
async compaction for costly orders, which was originally aimed at THP
page fault allocations.  There are several reasons why this can be done
now:

- with the new defaults, THP page faults no longer do reclaim/compaction at
  all, unless the system admin has overridden the default, or application has
  indicated via madvise that it can benefit from THP's. In both cases, it
  means that the potential extra latency is expected and worth the benefits.
- even if reclaim/compaction proceeds after this patch where it previously
  wouldn't, the second compaction attempt is still async and will detect the
  contention and back off, if the contention persists
- there are still heuristics like deferred compaction and pageblock skip bits
  in place that prevent excessive THP page fault latencies

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20160721073614.24395-9-vbabka@suse.cz
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
 2016-07-28 16:07:41 -07:00
Vlastimil Babka
a5508cd83f mm, compaction: introduce direct compaction priority 
In the context of direct compaction, for some types of allocations we
would like the compaction to either succeed or definitely fail while
trying as hard as possible.  Current async/sync_light migration mode is
insufficient, as there are heuristics such as caching scanner positions,
marking pageblocks as unsuitable or deferring compaction for a zone.  At
least the final compaction attempt should be able to override these
heuristics.

To communicate how hard compaction should try, we replace migration mode
with a new enum compact_priority and change the relevant function
signatures.  In compact_zone_order() where struct compact_control is
constructed, the priority is mapped to suitable control flags.  This
patch itself has no functional change, as the current priority levels
are mapped back to the same migration modes as before.  Expanding them
will be done next.

Note that !CONFIG_COMPACTION variant of try_to_compact_pages() is
removed, as the only caller exists under CONFIG_COMPACTION.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20160721073614.24395-8-vbabka@suse.cz
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
 2016-07-28 16:07:41 -07:00
Vlastimil Babka
2516035499 mm, thp: remove __GFP_NORETRY from khugepaged and madvised allocations 
After the previous patch, we can distinguish costly allocations that
should be really lightweight, such as THP page faults, with
__GFP_NORETRY.  This means we don't need to recognize khugepaged
allocations via PF_KTHREAD anymore.  We can also change THP page faults
in areas where madvise(MADV_HUGEPAGE) was used to try as hard as
khugepaged, as the process has indicated that it benefits from THP's and
is willing to pay some initial latency costs.

We can also make the flags handling less cryptic by distinguishing
GFP_TRANSHUGE_LIGHT (no reclaim at all, default mode in page fault) from
GFP_TRANSHUGE (only direct reclaim, khugepaged default).  Adding
__GFP_NORETRY or __GFP_KSWAPD_RECLAIM is done where needed.

The patch effectively changes the current GFP_TRANSHUGE users as
follows:

* get_huge_zero_page() - the zero page lifetime should be relatively
  long and it's shared by multiple users, so it's worth spending some
  effort on it.  We use GFP_TRANSHUGE, and __GFP_NORETRY is not added.
  This also restores direct reclaim to this allocation, which was
  unintentionally removed by commit e4a49efe4e7e ("mm: thp: set THP defrag
  by default to madvise and add a stall-free defrag option")

* alloc_hugepage_khugepaged_gfpmask() - this is khugepaged, so latency
  is not an issue.  So if khugepaged "defrag" is enabled (the default), do
  reclaim via GFP_TRANSHUGE without __GFP_NORETRY.  We can remove the
  PF_KTHREAD check from page alloc.

  As a side-effect, khugepaged will now no longer check if the initial
  compaction was deferred or contended.  This is OK, as khugepaged sleep
  times between collapsion attempts are long enough to prevent noticeable
  disruption, so we should allow it to spend some effort.

* migrate_misplaced_transhuge_page() - already was masking out
  __GFP_RECLAIM, so just convert to GFP_TRANSHUGE_LIGHT which is
  equivalent.

* alloc_hugepage_direct_gfpmask() - vma's with VM_HUGEPAGE (via madvise)
  are now allocating without __GFP_NORETRY.  Other vma's keep using
  __GFP_NORETRY if direct reclaim/compaction is at all allowed (by default
  it's allowed only for madvised vma's).  The rest is conversion to
  GFP_TRANSHUGE(_LIGHT).

[mhocko@suse.com: suggested GFP_TRANSHUGE_LIGHT]
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20160721073614.24395-7-vbabka@suse.cz
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
 2016-07-28 16:07:41 -07:00
Vlastimil Babka
3eb2771b06 mm, page_alloc: make THP-specific decisions more generic 
Since THP allocations during page faults can be costly, extra decisions
are employed for them to avoid excessive reclaim and compaction, if the
initial compaction doesn't look promising.  The detection has never been
perfect as there is no gfp flag specific to THP allocations.  At this
moment it checks the whole combination of flags that makes up
GFP_TRANSHUGE, and hopes that no other users of such combination exist,
or would mind being treated the same way.  Extra care is also taken to
separate allocations from khugepaged, where latency doesn't matter that
much.

It is however possible to distinguish these allocations in a simpler and
more reliable way.  The key observation is that after the initial
compaction followed by the first iteration of "standard"
reclaim/compaction, both __GFP_NORETRY allocations and costly
allocations without __GFP_REPEAT are declared as failures:

        /* Do not loop if specifically requested */
        if (gfp_mask & __GFP_NORETRY)
                goto nopage;

        /*
         * Do not retry costly high order allocations unless they are
         * __GFP_REPEAT
         */
        if (order > PAGE_ALLOC_COSTLY_ORDER && !(gfp_mask & __GFP_REPEAT))
                goto nopage;

This means we can further distinguish allocations that are costly order
*and* additionally include the __GFP_NORETRY flag.  As it happens,
GFP_TRANSHUGE allocations do already fall into this category.  This will
also allow other costly allocations with similar high-order benefit vs
latency considerations to use this semantic.  Furthermore, we can
distinguish THP allocations that should try a bit harder (such as from
khugepageed) by removing __GFP_NORETRY, as will be done in the next
patch.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20160721073614.24395-6-vbabka@suse.cz
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
 2016-07-28 16:07:41 -07:00
Vlastimil Babka
a8161d1ed6 mm, page_alloc: restructure direct compaction handling in slowpath 
The retry loop in __alloc_pages_slowpath is supposed to keep trying
reclaim and compaction (and OOM), until either the allocation succeeds,
or returns with failure.  Success here is more probable when reclaim
precedes compaction, as certain watermarks have to be met for compaction
to even try, and more free pages increase the probability of compaction
success.  On the other hand, starting with light async compaction (if
the watermarks allow it), can be more efficient, especially for smaller
orders, if there's enough free memory which is just fragmented.

Thus, the current code starts with compaction before reclaim, and to
make sure that the last reclaim is always followed by a final
compaction, there's another direct compaction call at the end of the
loop.  This makes the code hard to follow and adds some duplicated
handling of migration_mode decisions.  It's also somewhat inefficient
that even if reclaim or compaction decides not to retry, the final
compaction is still attempted.  Some gfp flags combination also shortcut
these retry decisions by "goto noretry;", making it even harder to
follow.

This patch attempts to restructure the code with only minimal functional
changes.  The call to the first compaction and THP-specific checks are
now placed above the retry loop, and the "noretry" direct compaction is
removed.

The initial compaction is additionally restricted only to costly orders,
as we can expect smaller orders to be held back by watermarks, and only
larger orders to suffer primarily from fragmentation.  This better
matches the checks in reclaim's shrink_zones().

There are two other smaller functional changes.  One is that the upgrade
from async migration to light sync migration will always occur after the
initial compaction.  This is how it has been until recent patch "mm,
oom: protect !costly allocations some more", which introduced upgrading
the mode based on COMPACT_COMPLETE result, but kept the final compaction
always upgraded, which made it even more special.  It's better to return
to the simpler handling for now, as migration modes will be further
modified later in the series.

The second change is that once both reclaim and compaction declare it's
not worth to retry the reclaim/compact loop, there is no final
compaction attempt.  As argued above, this is intentional.  If that
final compaction were to succeed, it would be due to a wrong retry
decision, or simply a race with somebody else freeing memory for us.

The main outcome of this patch should be simpler code.  Logically, the
initial compaction without reclaim is the exceptional case to the
reclaim/compaction scheme, but prior to the patch, it was the last loop
iteration that was exceptional.  Now the code matches the logic better.
The change also enable the following patches.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20160721073614.24395-5-vbabka@suse.cz
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
 2016-07-28 16:07:41 -07:00
Vlastimil Babka
23771235bb mm, page_alloc: don't retry initial attempt in slowpath 
After __alloc_pages_slowpath() sets up new alloc_flags and wakes up
kswapd, it first tries get_page_from_freelist() with the new
alloc_flags, as it may succeed e.g. due to using min watermark instead
of low watermark.  It makes sense to to do this attempt before adjusting
zonelist based on alloc_flags/gfp_mask, as it's still relatively a fast
path if we just wake up kswapd and successfully allocate.

This patch therefore moves the initial attempt above the retry label and
reorganizes a bit the part below the retry label.  We still have to
attempt get_page_from_freelist() on each retry, as some allocations
cannot do that as part of direct reclaim or compaction, and yet are not
allowed to fail (even though they do a WARN_ON_ONCE() and thus should
not exist).  We can reuse the call meant for ALLOC_NO_WATERMARKS attempt
and just set alloc_flags to ALLOC_NO_WATERMARKS if the context allows
it.  As a side-effect, the attempts from direct reclaim/compaction will
also no longer obey watermarks once this is set, but there's little harm
in that.

Kswapd wakeups are also done on each retry to be safe from potential
races resulting in kswapd going to sleep while a process (that may not
be able to reclaim by itself) is still looping.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20160721073614.24395-4-vbabka@suse.cz
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Acked-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
 2016-07-28 16:07:41 -07:00
Vlastimil Babka
31a6c1909f mm, page_alloc: set alloc_flags only once in slowpath 
In __alloc_pages_slowpath(), alloc_flags doesn't change after it's
initialized, so move the initialization above the retry: label.  Also
make the comment above the initialization more descriptive.

The only exception in the alloc_flags being constant is
ALLOC_NO_WATERMARKS, which may change due to TIF_MEMDIE being set on the
allocating thread.  We can fix this, and make the code simpler and a bit
more effective at the same time, by moving the part that determines
ALLOC_NO_WATERMARKS from gfp_to_alloc_flags() to gfp_pfmemalloc_allowed().

This means we don't have to mask out ALLOC_NO_WATERMARKS in numerous
places in __alloc_pages_slowpath() anymore.  The only two tests for the
flag can instead call gfp_pfmemalloc_allowed().

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20160721073614.24395-3-vbabka@suse.cz
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Acked-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
 2016-07-28 16:07:41 -07:00
Andy Lutomirski
d30dd8be06 mm: track NR_KERNEL_STACK in KiB instead of number of stacks 
Currently, NR_KERNEL_STACK tracks the number of kernel stacks in a zone.
This only makes sense if each kernel stack exists entirely in one zone,
and allowing vmapped stacks could break this assumption.

Since frv has THREAD_SIZE < PAGE_SIZE, we need to track kernel stack
allocations in a unit that divides both THREAD_SIZE and PAGE_SIZE on all
architectures.  Keep it simple and use KiB.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/083c71e642c5fa5f1b6898902e1b2db7b48940d4.1468523549.git.luto@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Andy Lutomirski <luto@kernel.org>
Cc: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov@virtuozzo.com>
Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Josh Poimboeuf <jpoimboe@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov@virtuozzo.com>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
 2016-07-28 16:07:41 -07:00
Mel Gorman
5a1c84b404 mm: remove reclaim and compaction retry approximations 
If per-zone LRU accounting is available then there is no point
approximating whether reclaim and compaction should retry based on pgdat
statistics.  This is effectively a revert of "mm, vmstat: remove zone
and node double accounting by approximating retries" with the difference
that inactive/active stats are still available.  This preserves the
history of why the approximation was retried and why it had to be
reverted to handle OOM kills on 32-bit systems.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1469110261-7365-4-git-send-email-mgorman@techsingularity.net
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Acked-by: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
 2016-07-28 16:07:41 -07:00
Minchan Kim
71c799f498 mm: add per-zone lru list stat 
When I did stress test with hackbench, I got OOM message frequently
which didn't ever happen in zone-lru.

  gfp_mask=0x26004c0(GFP_KERNEL|__GFP_REPEAT|__GFP_NOTRACK), order=0
  ..
  ..
   __alloc_pages_nodemask+0xe52/0xe60
   ? new_slab+0x39c/0x3b0
   new_slab+0x39c/0x3b0
   ___slab_alloc.constprop.87+0x6da/0x840
   ? __alloc_skb+0x3c/0x260
   ? _raw_spin_unlock_irq+0x27/0x60
   ? trace_hardirqs_on_caller+0xec/0x1b0
   ? finish_task_switch+0xa6/0x220
   ? poll_select_copy_remaining+0x140/0x140
   __slab_alloc.isra.81.constprop.86+0x40/0x6d
   ? __alloc_skb+0x3c/0x260
   kmem_cache_alloc+0x22c/0x260
   ? __alloc_skb+0x3c/0x260
   __alloc_skb+0x3c/0x260
   alloc_skb_with_frags+0x4e/0x1a0
   sock_alloc_send_pskb+0x16a/0x1b0
   ? wait_for_unix_gc+0x31/0x90
   ? alloc_set_pte+0x2ad/0x310
   unix_stream_sendmsg+0x28d/0x340
   sock_sendmsg+0x2d/0x40
   sock_write_iter+0x6c/0xc0
   __vfs_write+0xc0/0x120
   vfs_write+0x9b/0x1a0
   ? __might_fault+0x49/0xa0
   SyS_write+0x44/0x90
   do_fast_syscall_32+0xa6/0x1e0
   sysenter_past_esp+0x45/0x74

  Mem-Info:
  active_anon:104698 inactive_anon:105791 isolated_anon:192
   active_file:433 inactive_file:283 isolated_file:22
   unevictable:0 dirty:0 writeback:296 unstable:0
   slab_reclaimable:6389 slab_unreclaimable:78927
   mapped:474 shmem:0 pagetables:101426 bounce:0
   free:10518 free_pcp:334 free_cma:0
  Node 0 active_anon:418792kB inactive_anon:423164kB active_file:1732kB inactive_file:1132kB unevictable:0kB isolated(anon):768kB isolated(file):88kB mapped:1896kB dirty:0kB writeback:1184kB shmem:0kB writeback_tmp:0kB unstable:0kB pages_scanned:1478632 all_unreclaimable? yes
  DMA free:3304kB min:68kB low:84kB high:100kB present:15992kB managed:15916kB mlocked:0kB slab_reclaimable:0kB slab_unreclaimable:4088kB kernel_stack:0kB pagetables:2480kB bounce:0kB free_pcp:0kB local_pcp:0kB free_cma:0kB
  lowmem_reserve[]: 0 809 1965 1965
  Normal free:3436kB min:3604kB low:4504kB high:5404kB present:897016kB managed:858460kB mlocked:0kB slab_reclaimable:25556kB slab_unreclaimable:311712kB kernel_stack:164608kB pagetables:30844kB bounce:0kB free_pcp:620kB local_pcp:104kB free_cma:0kB
  lowmem_reserve[]: 0 0 9247 9247
  HighMem free:33808kB min:512kB low:1796kB high:3080kB present:1183736kB managed:1183736kB mlocked:0kB slab_reclaimable:0kB slab_unreclaimable:0kB kernel_stack:0kB pagetables:372252kB bounce:0kB free_pcp:428kB local_pcp:72kB free_cma:0kB
  lowmem_reserve[]: 0 0 0 0
  DMA: 2*4kB (UM) 2*8kB (UM) 0*16kB 1*32kB (U) 1*64kB (U) 2*128kB (UM) 1*256kB (U) 1*512kB (M) 0*1024kB 1*2048kB (U) 0*4096kB = 3192kB
  Normal: 33*4kB (MH) 79*8kB (ME) 11*16kB (M) 4*32kB (M) 2*64kB (ME) 2*128kB (EH) 7*256kB (EH) 0*512kB 0*1024kB 0*2048kB 0*4096kB = 3244kB
  HighMem: 2590*4kB (UM) 1568*8kB (UM) 491*16kB (UM) 60*32kB (UM) 6*64kB (M) 0*128kB 0*256kB 0*512kB 0*1024kB 0*2048kB 0*4096kB = 33064kB
  Node 0 hugepages_total=0 hugepages_free=0 hugepages_surp=0 hugepages_size=2048kB
  25121 total pagecache pages
  24160 pages in swap cache
  Swap cache stats: add 86371, delete 62211, find 42865/60187
  Free swap  = 4015560kB
  Total swap = 4192252kB
  524186 pages RAM
  295934 pages HighMem/MovableOnly
  9658 pages reserved
  0 pages cma reserved

The order-0 allocation for normal zone failed while there are a lot of
reclaimable memory(i.e., anonymous memory with free swap).  I wanted to
analyze the problem but it was hard because we removed per-zone lru stat
so I couldn't know how many of anonymous memory there are in normal/dma
zone.

When we investigate OOM problem, reclaimable memory count is crucial
stat to find a problem.  Without it, it's hard to parse the OOM message
so I believe we should keep it.

With per-zone lru stat,

  gfp_mask=0x26004c0(GFP_KERNEL|__GFP_REPEAT|__GFP_NOTRACK), order=0
  Mem-Info:
  active_anon:101103 inactive_anon:102219 isolated_anon:0
   active_file:503 inactive_file:544 isolated_file:0
   unevictable:0 dirty:0 writeback:34 unstable:0
   slab_reclaimable:6298 slab_unreclaimable:74669
   mapped:863 shmem:0 pagetables:100998 bounce:0
   free:23573 free_pcp:1861 free_cma:0
  Node 0 active_anon:404412kB inactive_anon:409040kB active_file:2012kB inactive_file:2176kB unevictable:0kB isolated(anon):0kB isolated(file):0kB mapped:3452kB dirty:0kB writeback:136kB shmem:0kB writeback_tmp:0kB unstable:0kB pages_scanned:1320845 all_unreclaimable? yes
  DMA free:3296kB min:68kB low:84kB high:100kB active_anon:5540kB inactive_anon:0kB active_file:0kB inactive_file:0kB present:15992kB managed:15916kB mlocked:0kB slab_reclaimable:248kB slab_unreclaimable:2628kB kernel_stack:792kB pagetables:2316kB bounce:0kB free_pcp:0kB local_pcp:0kB free_cma:0kB
  lowmem_reserve[]: 0 809 1965 1965
  Normal free:3600kB min:3604kB low:4504kB high:5404kB active_anon:86304kB inactive_anon:0kB active_file:160kB inactive_file:376kB present:897016kB managed:858524kB mlocked:0kB slab_reclaimable:24944kB slab_unreclaimable:296048kB kernel_stack:163832kB pagetables:35892kB bounce:0kB free_pcp:3076kB local_pcp:656kB free_cma:0kB
  lowmem_reserve[]: 0 0 9247 9247
  HighMem free:86156kB min:512kB low:1796kB high:3080kB active_anon:312852kB inactive_anon:410024kB active_file:1924kB inactive_file:2012kB present:1183736kB managed:1183736kB mlocked:0kB slab_reclaimable:0kB slab_unreclaimable:0kB kernel_stack:0kB pagetables:365784kB bounce:0kB free_pcp:3868kB local_pcp:720kB free_cma:0kB
  lowmem_reserve[]: 0 0 0 0
  DMA: 8*4kB (UM) 8*8kB (UM) 4*16kB (M) 2*32kB (UM) 2*64kB (UM) 1*128kB (M) 3*256kB (UME) 2*512kB (UE) 1*1024kB (E) 0*2048kB 0*4096kB = 3296kB
  Normal: 240*4kB (UME) 160*8kB (UME) 23*16kB (ME) 3*32kB (UE) 3*64kB (UME) 2*128kB (ME) 1*256kB (U) 0*512kB 0*1024kB 0*2048kB 0*4096kB = 3408kB
  HighMem: 10942*4kB (UM) 3102*8kB (UM) 866*16kB (UM) 76*32kB (UM) 11*64kB (UM) 4*128kB (UM) 1*256kB (M) 0*512kB 0*1024kB 0*2048kB 0*4096kB = 86344kB
  Node 0 hugepages_total=0 hugepages_free=0 hugepages_surp=0 hugepages_size=2048kB
  54409 total pagecache pages
  53215 pages in swap cache
  Swap cache stats: add 300982, delete 247765, find 157978/226539
  Free swap  = 3803244kB
  Total swap = 4192252kB
  524186 pages RAM
  295934 pages HighMem/MovableOnly
  9642 pages reserved
  0 pages cma reserved

With that, we can see normal zone has a 86M reclaimable memory so we can
know something goes wrong(I will fix the problem in next patch) in
reclaim.

[mgorman@techsingularity.net: rename zone LRU stats in /proc/vmstat]
 Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20160725072300.GK10438@techsingularity.net
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1469110261-7365-2-git-send-email-mgorman@techsingularity.net
Signed-off-by: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
 2016-07-28 16:07:41 -07:00
Minchan Kim
33e077bd60 mm: show node_pages_scanned per node, not zone 
The node_pages_scanned represents the number of scanned pages of node
for reclaim so it's pointless to show it as kilobytes.

As well, node_pages_scanned is per-node value, not per-zone.

This patch changes node_pages_scanned per-zone-killobytes with
per-node-count.

[minchan@kernel.org: fix node_pages_scanned]
  Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20160716101431.GA10305@bbox
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1468588165-12461-5-git-send-email-mgorman@techsingularity.net
Signed-off-by: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
 2016-07-28 16:07:41 -07:00
Mel Gorman
bca6759258 mm, vmstat: remove zone and node double accounting by approximating retries 
The number of LRU pages, dirty pages and writeback pages must be
accounted for on both zones and nodes because of the reclaim retry
logic, compaction retry logic and highmem calculations all depending on
per-zone stats.

Many lowmem allocations are immune from OOM kill due to a check in
__alloc_pages_may_oom for (ac->high_zoneidx < ZONE_NORMAL) since commit
03668b3ceb ("oom: avoid oom killer for lowmem allocations").  The
exception is costly high-order allocations or allocations that cannot
fail.  If the __alloc_pages_may_oom avoids OOM-kill for low-order lowmem
allocations then it would fall through to __alloc_pages_direct_compact.

This patch will blindly retry reclaim for zone-constrained allocations
in should_reclaim_retry up to MAX_RECLAIM_RETRIES.  This is not ideal
but without per-zone stats there are not many alternatives.  The impact
it that zone-constrained allocations may delay before considering the
OOM killer.

As there is no guarantee enough memory can ever be freed to satisfy
compaction, this patch avoids retrying compaction for zone-contrained
allocations.

In combination, that means that the per-node stats can be used when
deciding whether to continue reclaim using a rough approximation.  While
it is possible this will make the wrong decision on occasion, it will
not infinite loop as the number of reclaim attempts is capped by
MAX_RECLAIM_RETRIES.

The final step is calculating the number of dirtyable highmem pages.  As
those calculations only care about the global count of file pages in
highmem.  This patch uses a global counter used instead of per-zone
stats as it is sufficient.

In combination, this allows the per-zone LRU and dirty state counters to
be removed.

[mgorman@techsingularity.net: fix acct_highmem_file_pages()]
  Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1468853426-12858-4-git-send-email-mgorman@techsingularity.netLink: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1467970510-21195-35-git-send-email-mgorman@techsingularity.net
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Suggested by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Hillf Danton <hillf.zj@alibaba-inc.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@surriel.com>
Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
 2016-07-28 16:07:41 -07:00
Mel Gorman
16709d1de1 mm: vmstat: replace __count_zone_vm_events with a zone id equivalent 
This is partially a preparation patch for more vmstat work but it also
has the slight advantage that __count_zid_vm_events is cheaper to
calculate than __count_zone_vm_events().

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1467970510-21195-32-git-send-email-mgorman@techsingularity.net
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Hillf Danton <hillf.zj@alibaba-inc.com>
Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@surriel.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
 2016-07-28 16:07:41 -07:00
Mel Gorman
3b8c0be43c mm: page_alloc: cache the last node whose dirty limit is reached 
If a page is about to be dirtied then the page allocator attempts to
limit the total number of dirty pages that exists in any given zone.
The call to node_dirty_ok is expensive so this patch records if the last
pgdat examined hit the dirty limits.  In some cases, this reduces the
number of calls to node_dirty_ok().

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1467970510-21195-31-git-send-email-mgorman@techsingularity.net
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Hillf Danton <hillf.zj@alibaba-inc.com>
Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@surriel.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
 2016-07-28 16:07:41 -07:00
Mel Gorman
e6cbd7f2ef mm, page_alloc: remove fair zone allocation policy 
The fair zone allocation policy interleaves allocation requests between
zones to avoid an age inversion problem whereby new pages are reclaimed
to balance a zone.  Reclaim is now node-based so this should no longer
be an issue and the fair zone allocation policy is not free.  This patch
removes it.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1467970510-21195-30-git-send-email-mgorman@techsingularity.net
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Hillf Danton <hillf.zj@alibaba-inc.com>
Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@surriel.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
 2016-07-28 16:07:41 -07:00
Mel Gorman
a5f5f91da6 mm: convert zone_reclaim to node_reclaim 
As reclaim is now per-node based, convert zone_reclaim to be
node_reclaim.  It is possible that a node will be reclaimed multiple
times if it has multiple zones but this is unavoidable without caching
all nodes traversed so far.  The documentation and interface to
userspace is the same from a configuration perspective and will will be
similar in behaviour unless the node-local allocation requests were also
limited to lower zones.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1467970510-21195-24-git-send-email-mgorman@techsingularity.net
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Hillf Danton <hillf.zj@alibaba-inc.com>
Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@surriel.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
 2016-07-28 16:07:41 -07:00
Mel Gorman
52e9f87ae8 mm, page_alloc: wake kswapd based on the highest eligible zone 
The ac_classzone_idx is used as the basis for waking kswapd and that is
based on the preferred zoneref.  If the preferred zoneref's first zone
is lower than what is available on other nodes, it's possible that
kswapd is woken on a zone with only higher, but still eligible, zones.
As classzone_idx is strictly adhered to now, it causes a problem because
eligible pages are skipped.

For example, node 0 has only DMA32 and node 1 has only NORMAL.  An
allocating context running on node 0 may wake kswapd on node 1 telling
it to skip all NORMAL pages.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1467970510-21195-23-git-send-email-mgorman@techsingularity.net
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Acked-by: Hillf Danton <hillf.zj@alibaba-inc.com>
Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@surriel.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
 2016-07-28 16:07:41 -07:00
Mel Gorman
e1a556374a mm, vmscan: only wakeup kswapd once per node for the requested classzone 
kswapd is woken when zones are below the low watermark but the wakeup
decision is not taking the classzone into account.  Now that reclaim is
node-based, it is only required to wake kswapd once per node and only if
all zones are unbalanced for the requested classzone.

Note that one node might be checked multiple times if the zonelist is
ordered by node because there is no cheap way of tracking what nodes
have already been visited.  For zone-ordering, each node should be
checked only once.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1467970510-21195-22-git-send-email-mgorman@techsingularity.net
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Hillf Danton <hillf.zj@alibaba-inc.com>
Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@surriel.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
 2016-07-28 16:07:41 -07:00
Mel Gorman
11fb998986 mm: move most file-based accounting to the node 
There are now a number of accounting oddities such as mapped file pages
being accounted for on the node while the total number of file pages are
accounted on the zone.  This can be coped with to some extent but it's
confusing so this patch moves the relevant file-based accounted.  Due to
throttling logic in the page allocator for reliable OOM detection, it is
still necessary to track dirty and writeback pages on a per-zone basis.

[mgorman@techsingularity.net: fix NR_ZONE_WRITE_PENDING accounting]
  Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1468404004-5085-5-git-send-email-mgorman@techsingularity.net
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1467970510-21195-20-git-send-email-mgorman@techsingularity.net
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Hillf Danton <hillf.zj@alibaba-inc.com>
Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@surriel.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
 2016-07-28 16:07:41 -07:00
Mel Gorman
50658e2e04 mm: move page mapped accounting to the node 
Reclaim makes decisions based on the number of pages that are mapped but
it's mixing node and zone information.  Account NR_FILE_MAPPED and
NR_ANON_PAGES pages on the node.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1467970510-21195-18-git-send-email-mgorman@techsingularity.net
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Hillf Danton <hillf.zj@alibaba-inc.com>
Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@surriel.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
 2016-07-28 16:07:41 -07:00
Mel Gorman
281e37265f mm, page_alloc: consider dirtyable memory in terms of nodes 
Historically dirty pages were spread among zones but now that LRUs are
per-node it is more appropriate to consider dirty pages in a node.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1467970510-21195-17-git-send-email-mgorman@techsingularity.net
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Signed-off-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Hillf Danton <hillf.zj@alibaba-inc.com>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@surriel.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
 2016-07-28 16:07:41 -07:00
Mel Gorman
a9dd0a8310 mm, vmscan: make shrink_node decisions more node-centric 
Earlier patches focused on having direct reclaim and kswapd use data
that is node-centric for reclaiming but shrink_node() itself still uses
too much zone information.  This patch removes unnecessary zone-based
information with the most important decision being whether to continue
reclaim or not.  Some memcg APIs are adjusted as a result even though
memcg itself still uses some zone information.

[mgorman@techsingularity.net: optimization]
  Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1468588165-12461-2-git-send-email-mgorman@techsingularity.net
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1467970510-21195-14-git-send-email-mgorman@techsingularity.net
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Hillf Danton <hillf.zj@alibaba-inc.com>
Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@surriel.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
 2016-07-28 16:07:41 -07:00
Mel Gorman
38087d9b03 mm, vmscan: simplify the logic deciding whether kswapd sleeps 
kswapd goes through some complex steps trying to figure out if it should
stay awake based on the classzone_idx and the requested order.  It is
unnecessarily complex and passes in an invalid classzone_idx to
balance_pgdat().  What matters most of all is whether a larger order has
been requsted and whether kswapd successfully reclaimed at the previous
order.  This patch irons out the logic to check just that and the end
result is less headache inducing.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1467970510-21195-10-git-send-email-mgorman@techsingularity.net
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Hillf Danton <hillf.zj@alibaba-inc.com>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@surriel.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
 2016-07-28 16:07:41 -07:00
Mel Gorman
599d0c954f mm, vmscan: move LRU lists to node 
This moves the LRU lists from the zone to the node and related data such
as counters, tracing, congestion tracking and writeback tracking.

Unfortunately, due to reclaim and compaction retry logic, it is
necessary to account for the number of LRU pages on both zone and node
logic.  Most reclaim logic is based on the node counters but the retry
logic uses the zone counters which do not distinguish inactive and
active sizes.  It would be possible to leave the LRU counters on a
per-zone basis but it's a heavier calculation across multiple cache
lines that is much more frequent than the retry checks.

Other than the LRU counters, this is mostly a mechanical patch but note
that it introduces a number of anomalies.  For example, the scans are
per-zone but using per-node counters.  We also mark a node as congested
when a zone is congested.  This causes weird problems that are fixed
later but is easier to review.

In the event that there is excessive overhead on 32-bit systems due to
the nodes being on LRU then there are two potential solutions

1. Long-term isolation of highmem pages when reclaim is lowmem

   When pages are skipped, they are immediately added back onto the LRU
   list. If lowmem reclaim persisted for long periods of time, the same
   highmem pages get continually scanned. The idea would be that lowmem
   keeps those pages on a separate list until a reclaim for highmem pages
   arrives that splices the highmem pages back onto the LRU. It potentially
   could be implemented similar to the UNEVICTABLE list.

   That would reduce the skip rate with the potential corner case is that
   highmem pages have to be scanned and reclaimed to free lowmem slab pages.

2. Linear scan lowmem pages if the initial LRU shrink fails

   This will break LRU ordering but may be preferable and faster during
   memory pressure than skipping LRU pages.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1467970510-21195-4-git-send-email-mgorman@techsingularity.net
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Hillf Danton <hillf.zj@alibaba-inc.com>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@surriel.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
 2016-07-28 16:07:41 -07:00
Mel Gorman
a52633d8e9 mm, vmscan: move lru_lock to the node 
Node-based reclaim requires node-based LRUs and locking.  This is a
preparation patch that just moves the lru_lock to the node so later
patches are easier to review.  It is a mechanical change but note this
patch makes contention worse because the LRU lock is hotter and direct
reclaim and kswapd can contend on the same lock even when reclaiming
from different zones.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1467970510-21195-3-git-send-email-mgorman@techsingularity.net
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Reviewed-by: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Hillf Danton <hillf.zj@alibaba-inc.com>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@surriel.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
 2016-07-28 16:07:41 -07:00
Mel Gorman
75ef718405 mm, vmstat: add infrastructure for per-node vmstats 
Patchset: "Move LRU page reclaim from zones to nodes v9"

This series moves LRUs from the zones to the node.  While this is a
current rebase, the test results were based on mmotm as of June 23rd.
Conceptually, this series is simple but there are a lot of details.
Some of the broad motivations for this are;

1. The residency of a page partially depends on what zone the page was
   allocated from.  This is partially combatted by the fair zone allocation
   policy but that is a partial solution that introduces overhead in the
   page allocator paths.

2. Currently, reclaim on node 0 behaves slightly different to node 1. For
   example, direct reclaim scans in zonelist order and reclaims even if
   the zone is over the high watermark regardless of the age of pages
   in that LRU. Kswapd on the other hand starts reclaim on the highest
   unbalanced zone. A difference in distribution of file/anon pages due
   to when they were allocated results can result in a difference in
   again. While the fair zone allocation policy mitigates some of the
   problems here, the page reclaim results on a multi-zone node will
   always be different to a single-zone node.
   it was scheduled on as a result.

3. kswapd and the page allocator scan zones in the opposite order to
   avoid interfering with each other but it's sensitive to timing.  This
   mitigates the page allocator using pages that were allocated very recently
   in the ideal case but it's sensitive to timing. When kswapd is allocating
   from lower zones then it's great but during the rebalancing of the highest
   zone, the page allocator and kswapd interfere with each other. It's worse
   if the highest zone is small and difficult to balance.

4. slab shrinkers are node-based which makes it harder to identify the exact
   relationship between slab reclaim and LRU reclaim.

The reason we have zone-based reclaim is that we used to have
large highmem zones in common configurations and it was necessary
to quickly find ZONE_NORMAL pages for reclaim. Today, this is much
less of a concern as machines with lots of memory will (or should) use
64-bit kernels. Combinations of 32-bit hardware and 64-bit hardware are
rare. Machines that do use highmem should have relatively low highmem:lowmem
ratios than we worried about in the past.

Conceptually, moving to node LRUs should be easier to understand. The
page allocator plays fewer tricks to game reclaim and reclaim behaves
similarly on all nodes.

The series has been tested on a 16 core UMA machine and a 2-socket 48
core NUMA machine. The UMA results are presented in most cases as the NUMA
machine behaved similarly.

pagealloc
---------

This is a microbenchmark that shows the benefit of removing the fair zone
allocation policy. It was tested uip to order-4 but only orders 0 and 1 are
shown as the other orders were comparable.

                                           4.7.0-rc4                  4.7.0-rc4
                                      mmotm-20160623                 nodelru-v9
Min      total-odr0-1               490.00 (  0.00%)           457.00 (  6.73%)
Min      total-odr0-2               347.00 (  0.00%)           329.00 (  5.19%)
Min      total-odr0-4               288.00 (  0.00%)           273.00 (  5.21%)
Min      total-odr0-8               251.00 (  0.00%)           239.00 (  4.78%)
Min      total-odr0-16              234.00 (  0.00%)           222.00 (  5.13%)
Min      total-odr0-32              223.00 (  0.00%)           211.00 (  5.38%)
Min      total-odr0-64              217.00 (  0.00%)           208.00 (  4.15%)
Min      total-odr0-128             214.00 (  0.00%)           204.00 (  4.67%)
Min      total-odr0-256             250.00 (  0.00%)           230.00 (  8.00%)
Min      total-odr0-512             271.00 (  0.00%)           269.00 (  0.74%)
Min      total-odr0-1024            291.00 (  0.00%)           282.00 (  3.09%)
Min      total-odr0-2048            303.00 (  0.00%)           296.00 (  2.31%)
Min      total-odr0-4096            311.00 (  0.00%)           309.00 (  0.64%)
Min      total-odr0-8192            316.00 (  0.00%)           314.00 (  0.63%)
Min      total-odr0-16384           317.00 (  0.00%)           315.00 (  0.63%)
Min      total-odr1-1               742.00 (  0.00%)           712.00 (  4.04%)
Min      total-odr1-2               562.00 (  0.00%)           530.00 (  5.69%)
Min      total-odr1-4               457.00 (  0.00%)           433.00 (  5.25%)
Min      total-odr1-8               411.00 (  0.00%)           381.00 (  7.30%)
Min      total-odr1-16              381.00 (  0.00%)           356.00 (  6.56%)
Min      total-odr1-32              372.00 (  0.00%)           346.00 (  6.99%)
Min      total-odr1-64              372.00 (  0.00%)           343.00 (  7.80%)
Min      total-odr1-128             375.00 (  0.00%)           351.00 (  6.40%)
Min      total-odr1-256             379.00 (  0.00%)           351.00 (  7.39%)
Min      total-odr1-512             385.00 (  0.00%)           355.00 (  7.79%)
Min      total-odr1-1024            386.00 (  0.00%)           358.00 (  7.25%)
Min      total-odr1-2048            390.00 (  0.00%)           362.00 (  7.18%)
Min      total-odr1-4096            390.00 (  0.00%)           362.00 (  7.18%)
Min      total-odr1-8192            388.00 (  0.00%)           363.00 (  6.44%)

This shows a steady improvement throughout. The primary benefit is from
reduced system CPU usage which is obvious from the overall times;

           4.7.0-rc4   4.7.0-rc4
        mmotm-20160623nodelru-v8
User          189.19      191.80
System       2604.45     2533.56
Elapsed      2855.30     2786.39

The vmstats also showed that the fair zone allocation policy was definitely
removed as can be seen here;

                             4.7.0-rc3   4.7.0-rc3
                         mmotm-20160623 nodelru-v8
DMA32 allocs               28794729769           0
Normal allocs              48432501431 77227309877
Movable allocs                       0           0

tiobench on ext4
----------------

tiobench is a benchmark that artifically benefits if old pages remain resident
while new pages get reclaimed. The fair zone allocation policy mitigates this
problem so pages age fairly. While the benchmark has problems, it is important
that tiobench performance remains constant as it implies that page aging
problems that the fair zone allocation policy fixes are not re-introduced.

                                         4.7.0-rc4             4.7.0-rc4
                                    mmotm-20160623            nodelru-v9
Min      PotentialReadSpeed        89.65 (  0.00%)       90.21 (  0.62%)
Min      SeqRead-MB/sec-1          82.68 (  0.00%)       82.01 ( -0.81%)
Min      SeqRead-MB/sec-2          72.76 (  0.00%)       72.07 ( -0.95%)
Min      SeqRead-MB/sec-4          75.13 (  0.00%)       74.92 ( -0.28%)
Min      SeqRead-MB/sec-8          64.91 (  0.00%)       65.19 (  0.43%)
Min      SeqRead-MB/sec-16         62.24 (  0.00%)       62.22 ( -0.03%)
Min      RandRead-MB/sec-1          0.88 (  0.00%)        0.88 (  0.00%)
Min      RandRead-MB/sec-2          0.95 (  0.00%)        0.92 ( -3.16%)
Min      RandRead-MB/sec-4          1.43 (  0.00%)        1.34 ( -6.29%)
Min      RandRead-MB/sec-8          1.61 (  0.00%)        1.60 ( -0.62%)
Min      RandRead-MB/sec-16         1.80 (  0.00%)        1.90 (  5.56%)
Min      SeqWrite-MB/sec-1         76.41 (  0.00%)       76.85 (  0.58%)
Min      SeqWrite-MB/sec-2         74.11 (  0.00%)       73.54 ( -0.77%)
Min      SeqWrite-MB/sec-4         80.05 (  0.00%)       80.13 (  0.10%)
Min      SeqWrite-MB/sec-8         72.88 (  0.00%)       73.20 (  0.44%)
Min      SeqWrite-MB/sec-16        75.91 (  0.00%)       76.44 (  0.70%)
Min      RandWrite-MB/sec-1         1.18 (  0.00%)        1.14 ( -3.39%)
Min      RandWrite-MB/sec-2         1.02 (  0.00%)        1.03 (  0.98%)
Min      RandWrite-MB/sec-4         1.05 (  0.00%)        0.98 ( -6.67%)
Min      RandWrite-MB/sec-8         0.89 (  0.00%)        0.92 (  3.37%)
Min      RandWrite-MB/sec-16        0.92 (  0.00%)        0.93 (  1.09%)

           4.7.0-rc4   4.7.0-rc4
        mmotm-20160623 approx-v9
User          645.72      525.90
System        403.85      331.75
Elapsed      6795.36     6783.67

This shows that the series has little or not impact on tiobench which is
desirable and a reduction in system CPU usage. It indicates that the fair
zone allocation policy was removed in a manner that didn't reintroduce
one class of page aging bug. There were only minor differences in overall
reclaim activity

                             4.7.0-rc4   4.7.0-rc4
                          mmotm-20160623nodelru-v8
Minor Faults                    645838      647465
Major Faults                       573         640
Swap Ins                             0           0
Swap Outs                            0           0
DMA allocs                           0           0
DMA32 allocs                  46041453    44190646
Normal allocs                 78053072    79887245
Movable allocs                       0           0
Allocation stalls                   24          67
Stall zone DMA                       0           0
Stall zone DMA32                     0           0
Stall zone Normal                    0           2
Stall zone HighMem                   0           0
Stall zone Movable                   0          65
Direct pages scanned             10969       30609
Kswapd pages scanned          93375144    93492094
Kswapd pages reclaimed        93372243    93489370
Direct pages reclaimed           10969       30609
Kswapd efficiency                  99%         99%
Kswapd velocity              13741.015   13781.934
Direct efficiency                 100%        100%
Direct velocity                  1.614       4.512
Percentage direct scans             0%          0%

kswapd activity was roughly comparable. There were differences in direct
reclaim activity but negligible in the context of the overall workload
(velocity of 4 pages per second with the patches applied, 1.6 pages per
second in the baseline kernel).

pgbench read-only large configuration on ext4
---------------------------------------------

pgbench is a database benchmark that can be sensitive to page reclaim
decisions. This also checks if removing the fair zone allocation policy
is safe

pgbench Transactions
                        4.7.0-rc4             4.7.0-rc4
                   mmotm-20160623            nodelru-v8
Hmean    1       188.26 (  0.00%)      189.78 (  0.81%)
Hmean    5       330.66 (  0.00%)      328.69 ( -0.59%)
Hmean    12      370.32 (  0.00%)      380.72 (  2.81%)
Hmean    21      368.89 (  0.00%)      369.00 (  0.03%)
Hmean    30      382.14 (  0.00%)      360.89 ( -5.56%)
Hmean    32      428.87 (  0.00%)      432.96 (  0.95%)

Negligible differences again. As with tiobench, overall reclaim activity
was comparable.

bonnie++ on ext4
----------------

No interesting performance difference, negligible differences on reclaim
stats.

paralleldd on ext4
------------------

This workload uses varying numbers of dd instances to read large amounts of
data from disk.

                               4.7.0-rc3             4.7.0-rc3
                          mmotm-20160623            nodelru-v9
Amean    Elapsd-1       186.04 (  0.00%)      189.41 ( -1.82%)
Amean    Elapsd-3       192.27 (  0.00%)      191.38 (  0.46%)
Amean    Elapsd-5       185.21 (  0.00%)      182.75 (  1.33%)
Amean    Elapsd-7       183.71 (  0.00%)      182.11 (  0.87%)
Amean    Elapsd-12      180.96 (  0.00%)      181.58 ( -0.35%)
Amean    Elapsd-16      181.36 (  0.00%)      183.72 ( -1.30%)

           4.7.0-rc4   4.7.0-rc4
        mmotm-20160623 nodelru-v9
User         1548.01     1552.44
System       8609.71     8515.08
Elapsed      3587.10     3594.54

There is little or no change in performance but some drop in system CPU usage.

                             4.7.0-rc3   4.7.0-rc3
                        mmotm-20160623  nodelru-v9
Minor Faults                    362662      367360
Major Faults                      1204        1143
Swap Ins                            22           0
Swap Outs                         2855        1029
DMA allocs                           0           0
DMA32 allocs                  31409797    28837521
Normal allocs                 46611853    49231282
Movable allocs                       0           0
Direct pages scanned                 0           0
Kswapd pages scanned          40845270    40869088
Kswapd pages reclaimed        40830976    40855294
Direct pages reclaimed               0           0
Kswapd efficiency                  99%         99%
Kswapd velocity              11386.711   11369.769
Direct efficiency                 100%        100%
Direct velocity                  0.000       0.000
Percentage direct scans             0%          0%
Page writes by reclaim            2855        1029
Page writes file                     0           0
Page writes anon                  2855        1029
Page reclaim immediate             771        1628
Sector Reads                 293312636   293536360
Sector Writes                 18213568    18186480
Page rescued immediate               0           0
Slabs scanned                   128257      132747
Direct inode steals                181          56
Kswapd inode steals                 59        1131

It basically shows that kswapd was active at roughly the same rate in
both kernels. There was also comparable slab scanning activity and direct
reclaim was avoided in both cases. There appears to be a large difference
in numbers of inodes reclaimed but the workload has few active inodes and
is likely a timing artifact.

stutter
-------

stutter simulates a simple workload. One part uses a lot of anonymous
memory, a second measures mmap latency and a third copies a large file.
The primary metric is checking for mmap latency.

stutter
                             4.7.0-rc4             4.7.0-rc4
                        mmotm-20160623            nodelru-v8
Min         mmap     16.6283 (  0.00%)     13.4258 ( 19.26%)
1st-qrtle   mmap     54.7570 (  0.00%)     34.9121 ( 36.24%)
2nd-qrtle   mmap     57.3163 (  0.00%)     46.1147 ( 19.54%)
3rd-qrtle   mmap     58.9976 (  0.00%)     47.1882 ( 20.02%)
Max-90%     mmap     59.7433 (  0.00%)     47.4453 ( 20.58%)
Max-93%     mmap     60.1298 (  0.00%)     47.6037 ( 20.83%)
Max-95%     mmap     73.4112 (  0.00%)     82.8719 (-12.89%)
Max-99%     mmap     92.8542 (  0.00%)     88.8870 (  4.27%)
Max         mmap   1440.6569 (  0.00%)    121.4201 ( 91.57%)
Mean        mmap     59.3493 (  0.00%)     42.2991 ( 28.73%)
Best99%Mean mmap     57.2121 (  0.00%)     41.8207 ( 26.90%)
Best95%Mean mmap     55.9113 (  0.00%)     39.9620 ( 28.53%)
Best90%Mean mmap     55.6199 (  0.00%)     39.3124 ( 29.32%)
Best50%Mean mmap     53.2183 (  0.00%)     33.1307 ( 37.75%)
Best10%Mean mmap     45.9842 (  0.00%)     20.4040 ( 55.63%)
Best5%Mean  mmap     43.2256 (  0.00%)     17.9654 ( 58.44%)
Best1%Mean  mmap     32.9388 (  0.00%)     16.6875 ( 49.34%)

This shows a number of improvements with the worst-case outlier greatly
improved.

Some of the vmstats are interesting

                             4.7.0-rc4   4.7.0-rc4
                          mmotm-20160623nodelru-v8
Swap Ins                           163         502
Swap Outs                            0           0
DMA allocs                           0           0
DMA32 allocs                 618719206  1381662383
Normal allocs                891235743   564138421
Movable allocs                       0           0
Allocation stalls                 2603           1
Direct pages scanned            216787           2
Kswapd pages scanned          50719775    41778378
Kswapd pages reclaimed        41541765    41777639
Direct pages reclaimed          209159           0
Kswapd efficiency                  81%         99%
Kswapd velocity              16859.554   14329.059
Direct efficiency                  96%          0%
Direct velocity                 72.061       0.001
Percentage direct scans             0%          0%
Page writes by reclaim         6215049           0
Page writes file               6215049           0
Page writes anon                     0           0
Page reclaim immediate           70673          90
Sector Reads                  81940800    81680456
Sector Writes                100158984    98816036
Page rescued immediate               0           0
Slabs scanned                  1366954       22683

While this is not guaranteed in all cases, this particular test showed
a large reduction in direct reclaim activity. It's also worth noting
that no page writes were issued from reclaim context.

This series is not without its hazards. There are at least three areas
that I'm concerned with even though I could not reproduce any problems in
that area.

1. Reclaim/compaction is going to be affected because the amount of reclaim is
   no longer targetted at a specific zone. Compaction works on a per-zone basis
   so there is no guarantee that reclaiming a few THP's worth page pages will
   have a positive impact on compaction success rates.

2. The Slab/LRU reclaim ratio is affected because the frequency the shrinkers
   are called is now different. This may or may not be a problem but if it
   is, it'll be because shrinkers are not called enough and some balancing
   is required.

3. The anon/file reclaim ratio may be affected. Pages about to be dirtied are
   distributed between zones and the fair zone allocation policy used to do
   something very similar for anon. The distribution is now different but not
   necessarily in any way that matters but it's still worth bearing in mind.

VM statistic counters for reclaim decisions are zone-based.  If the kernel
is to reclaim on a per-node basis then we need to track per-node
statistics but there is no infrastructure for that.  The most notable
change is that the old node_page_state is renamed to
sum_zone_node_page_state.  The new node_page_state takes a pglist_data and
uses per-node stats but none exist yet.  There is some renaming such as
vm_stat to vm_zone_stat and the addition of vm_node_stat and the renaming
of mod_state to mod_zone_state.  Otherwise, this is mostly a mechanical
patch with no functional change.  There is a lot of similarity between the
node and zone helpers which is unfortunate but there was no obvious way of
reusing the code and maintaining type safety.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1467970510-21195-2-git-send-email-mgorman@techsingularity.net
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@surriel.com>
Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Hillf Danton <hillf.zj@alibaba-inc.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
 2016-07-28 16:07:41 -07:00
Mel Gorman
a621184ac6 mm, meminit: remove early_page_nid_uninitialised 
The helper early_page_nid_uninitialised() has been dead since commit
974a786e63 ("mm, page_alloc: remove MIGRATE_RESERVE") so remove the
dead code.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1468008031-3848-2-git-send-email-mgorman@techsingularity.net
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
 2016-07-28 16:07:41 -07:00
zhong jiang
400bc7fd4f mm: update the comment in __isolate_free_page 
We need to assure the comment is consistent with the code.

[akpm@linux-foundation.org: coding-style fixes]
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1466171914-21027-1-git-send-email-zhongjiang@huawei.com
Signed-off-by: zhong jiang <zhongjiang@huawei.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
 2016-07-28 16:07:41 -07:00
Kirill A. Shutemov
65c453778a mm, rmap: account shmem thp pages 
Let's add ShmemHugePages and ShmemPmdMapped fields into meminfo and
smaps.  It indicates how many times we allocate and map shmem THP.

NR_ANON_TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGES is renamed to NR_ANON_THPS.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1466021202-61880-27-git-send-email-kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com
Signed-off-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
 2016-07-26 16:19:19 -07:00
Kirill A. Shutemov
9a73f61bdb thp, mlock: do not mlock PTE-mapped file huge pages 
As with anon THP, we only mlock file huge pages if we can prove that the
page is not mapped with PTE.  This way we can avoid mlock leak into
non-mlocked vma on split.

We rely on PageDoubleMap() under lock_page() to check if the the page
may be PTE mapped.  PG_double_map is set by page_add_file_rmap() when
the page mapped with PTEs.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1466021202-61880-21-git-send-email-kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com
Signed-off-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
 2016-07-26 16:19:19 -07:00
Vladimir Davydov
4949148ad4 mm: charge/uncharge kmemcg from generic page allocator paths 
Currently, to charge a non-slab allocation to kmemcg one has to use
alloc_kmem_pages helper with __GFP_ACCOUNT flag.  A page allocated with
this helper should finally be freed using free_kmem_pages, otherwise it
won't be uncharged.

This API suits its current users fine, but it turns out to be impossible
to use along with page reference counting, i.e.  when an allocation is
supposed to be freed with put_page, as it is the case with pipe or unix
socket buffers.

To overcome this limitation, this patch moves charging/uncharging to
generic page allocator paths, i.e.  to __alloc_pages_nodemask and
free_pages_prepare, and zaps alloc/free_kmem_pages helpers.  This way,
one can use any of the available page allocation functions to get the
allocated page charged to kmemcg - it's enough to pass __GFP_ACCOUNT,
just like in case of kmalloc and friends.  A charged page will be
automatically uncharged on free.

To make it possible, we need to mark pages charged to kmemcg somehow.
To avoid introducing a new page flag, we make use of page->_mapcount for
marking such pages.  Since pages charged to kmemcg are not supposed to
be mapped to userspace, it should work just fine.  There are other
(ab)users of page->_mapcount - buddy and balloon pages - but we don't
conflict with them.

In case kmemcg is compiled out or not used at runtime, this patch
introduces no overhead to generic page allocator paths.  If kmemcg is
used, it will be plus one gfp flags check on alloc and plus one
page->_mapcount check on free, which shouldn't hurt performance, because
the data accessed are hot.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/a9736d856f895bcb465d9f257b54efe32eda6f99.1464079538.git.vdavydov@virtuozzo.com
Signed-off-by: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov@virtuozzo.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org>
Cc: Eric Dumazet <eric.dumazet@gmail.com>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
 2016-07-26 16:19:19 -07:00
Vladimir Davydov
452647784b mm: memcontrol: cleanup kmem charge functions 
- Handle memcg_kmem_enabled check out to the caller. This reduces the
   number of function definitions making the code easier to follow. At
   the same time it doesn't result in code bloat, because all of these
   functions are used only in one or two places.

 - Move __GFP_ACCOUNT check to the caller as well so that one wouldn't
   have to dive deep into memcg implementation to see which allocations
   are charged and which are not.

 - Refresh comments.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/52882a28b542c1979fd9a033b4dc8637fc347399.1464079537.git.vdavydov@virtuozzo.com
Signed-off-by: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov@virtuozzo.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org>
Cc: Eric Dumazet <eric.dumazet@gmail.com>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
 2016-07-26 16:19:19 -07:00
Joonsoo Kim
46f24fd857 mm/page_alloc: introduce post allocation processing on page allocator 
This patch is motivated from Hugh and Vlastimil's concern [1].

There are two ways to get freepage from the allocator.  One is using
normal memory allocation API and the other is __isolate_free_page()
which is internally used for compaction and pageblock isolation.  Later
usage is rather tricky since it doesn't do whole post allocation
processing done by normal API.

One problematic thing I already know is that poisoned page would not be
checked if it is allocated by __isolate_free_page().  Perhaps, there
would be more.

We could add more debug logic for allocated page in the future and this
separation would cause more problem.  I'd like to fix this situation at
this time.  Solution is simple.  This patch commonize some logic for
newly allocated page and uses it on all sites.  This will solve the
problem.

[1] http://marc.info/?i=alpine.LSU.2.11.1604270029350.7066%40eggly.anvils%3E

[iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com: mm-page_alloc-introduce-post-allocation-processing-on-page-allocator-v3]
  Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1464230275-25791-7-git-send-email-iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com
  Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1466150259-27727-9-git-send-email-iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1464230275-25791-7-git-send-email-iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com
Signed-off-by: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: Alexander Potapenko <glider@google.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
 2016-07-26 16:19:19 -07:00