Checklist for uploaders
=======================
There is a checklist in the kernel-team.git repository; see
<https://salsa.debian.org/kernel-team/kernel-team/-/blob/master/docs/kernel-upload-checklist.md>.
Updating the upstream source
============================
In addition to the build-dependencies, you will need the rsync package
installed.
1) It is recommended to fetch the release tag from the relevant upstream git
repository, one of:
* https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux.git
* https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux-stable.git
* git://kernel.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/linux.git
However, it is also possible to use upstream tarball and patch releases.
Both tags and files should be signed by the relevant maintainer, which
you *must* verify using commands such as:
$ git tag -v v4.5
$ xzcat linux-4.5.tar.xz | gpg --verify linux-4.5.tar.sign -
$ xzcat patch-4.5.1.xz | gpg --verify patch-4.5.1.sign -
The upstream maintainers' key fingerprints are:
pub 2048R/00411886 2011-09-20
Key fingerprint = ABAF 11C6 5A29 70B1 30AB E3C4 79BE 3E43 0041 1886
uid Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
sub 2048R/012F54CA 2011-09-20
pub 4096R/6092693E 2011-09-23
Key fingerprint = 647F 2865 4894 E3BD 4571 99BE 38DB BDC8 6092 693E
uid Greg Kroah-Hartman (Linux kernel stable release signing key) <greg@kroah.com>
sub 4096R/76D54749 2011-09-23
pub 4096R/FDCE24FC 2011-12-10
Key fingerprint = D4E1 E317 4470 9144 B0F8 101A DB74 AEB8 FDCE 24FC
uid Luis Henriques <luis.henriques@canonical.com>
uid Luis Henriques <henrix@camandro.org>
sub 4096R/EFBC394A 2011-12-10
2) Run: ./debian/bin/genorig.py <repository>
or: ./debian/bin/genorig.py <tarball> [patch]
This will produce ../orig/linux_<version>.orig.tar.xz
(e.g. linux_3.5~rc1.orig.tar.xz).
It involves deleting files for DFSG compliance, as listed in the
Files-Excluded field in debian/copyright.
3) Run: make -f debian/rules orig
This will apply the main quilt series to the upstream source, which
will usually fail due to conflicts with upstream changes. You need
to resolve those by dropping or refreshing patches.
Recording updates in the changelog
----------------------------------
Upstream commits that we already cherry-picked and included in a
previous package upload should not be mentioned, since they don't make
any difference to the package. Any other commits that fix a Debian
bug report and/or a security issue with a CVE ID should always be
listed, along with the (Closes: #nnnnnn) and/or (CVE-yyyy-nnnn)
reference.
Aside from those general rules:
* For an upstream release candidate, don't attempt to list the changes
* For a stable release by Linus, refer to the summary at
kernelnewbies.org, e.g. https://kernelnewbies.org/Linux_4.5
* For a stable update, refer to the changelog on kernel.org, e.g.
https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/v4.x/ChangeLog-4.5.1, and
list all changes that are relevant to our package and that fix bugs
that we would consider 'important' or higher severity
- The script debian/bin/stable-update updates the changelog
version and inserts the list of changes. It doesn't attempt to
filter out irrelevant or unimportant changes.
- If you have time, please delete irrelevant changes such as:
+ Fixes for architectures not supported by the package
+ Fixes for drivers that aren't enabled in any of our configurations
+ Build fixes for configurations that we don't use
+ Fixes for lockdep false positives
If you have time, please add bracketted prefixes to the upstream
change list as described below under "Changelog conventions".
Applying patches to the Debian kernel tree
==========================================
The Debian kernel packaging uses the quilt patch system, but with
multiple series to allow for featuresets.
Patches are stored below debian/patches, loosely sorted in bugfix/,
features/ and debian/. Patches are in the standard kernel patch
format (unified diff to be applied with patch -p1) and generally have
DEP-3 headers.
For each optional featureset there is an additional patch directory
debian/patches-<featureset>.
If you want to generate a source tree with all patches applied, run
make -f debian/rules source
The resulting source can be found below debian/build.
Changelog conventions
=====================
If a change only affects some architectures, flavours or featuresets,
this should be noted with a bracketted prefix on the changelog line:
* [<fset>] Change to featureset <fset>
* [<arch>] Change that affects Debian architecture <arch>
* [<arch1>,<arch2>...] Change that affects Debian architectures
<arch1>, <arch2>, ...
* [<arch>/<flavour>] Change that affects kernel flavour <flavour>
on Debian architecture <arch>
* [<arch>/{<flavour1>,<flavour2>...}] Change that affects kernel
flavours <flavour1>, <flavour2>, ... on Debian architecture <arch>
You can use wildcards to cover multiple values, e.g. 'arm*' for armel,
armhf and arm64 architectures. Also 'x86' is used to cover the Debian
architectures amd64, i386 and x32.
Kernel config files
===================
Each kernel configuration file is constructed dynamically from a
number of files under debian/config. They are read in the following
order, such that files later on the list can override settings from
earlier files. Most of the files are optional and the filenames can
generally be overridden by explicit lists (possibly empty) specified
in the 'defines' files.
1. Common:
- Default filename: config
- Filename list: [image]configs in defines
2. Per kernel architecture:
- Filename: kernelarch-<karch>/config (optional)
3. Per architecture:
- Default filename: <arch>/config
- Filename list: [image]configs in <arch>/defines
4. Per architecture and flavour:
- Default filename: <arch>/config.<flavour> (optional)
- Filename list: [<flavour>_image]configs in <arch>/defines
5. Per featureset:
- Default filename: featureset-<fset>/config (optional)
- Filename list: [image]configs in featureset-<fset>/defines
6. Per architecture and featureset:
- Default filename: <arch>/<fset>/config (optional)
- Filename list: [image]configs in <arch>/<fset>/defines
7. Per architecture, featureset, and flavour:
- Default filename: <arch>/<fset>/config.<flavour> (optional)
- Filename list: [<flavour>_image]configs in <arch>/<fset>/defines
You can check the final list of configuration files by reading
debian/rules.gen. Each binary-arch_<arch>_<fset>_<flavour>_real
rule passes the list to debian/rules.real as the KCONFIG variable.
These files should be kept in order using the kconfigeditor2
utility from <https://salsa.debian.org/kernel-team/kernel-team>.
With this source package as your working directory, run:
debian/rules source
.../kernel-team/utils/kconfigeditor2/process.py .
This will also warn about any symbols that no longer exist, or
cannot be explicitly configured.
Control file
============
The master control file debian/control must be generated before
the package is uploaded. debian/rules contains the debian/control
target, which generates the control file by invoking the
debian/bin/gencontrol.py script, which combines the templates from
the templates directory and architecture-specific defines file to
produce the debian/control file. Note that this target is intentionally
made to fail with a non-zero exit code to make sure that it is never
run during an automatic build. The following variables are substituted
into the templates:
@version@ Upstream kernel version, for example 2.6.11.
@arch@ The Debian arch name, such as powerpc or i386.
@flavour@ The build flavour, such as 686 or k7-smp.
@class@ The CPU/architecture class; displayed in synopsis. It should
be fairly short, as the synopsis is supposed to be <80 chars.
It should be in the form "foo class", and will show up in the
description as "foo class machines".
@longclass@ The CPU/architecture class; displayed in the extended
description. The same rules apply as in @class@. If
this is unset, it will default to @class@.
@desc@ (Potentially) multi-line verbiage that's appended to
-image descriptions.
@abiname@ Current abiname, a single digit.
Normally, the arch-specific contents should be controlled by
adjusting the corresponding defines file.
Build-dependencies that relate to specific binary packages can be
specified in a Build-Depends field in the template for that binary
package. gencontrol.py will append the value to the source package's
Build-Depends-Arch or Build-Depends-Indep field, as appropriate. It
will also use the binary package's Architecture and Build-Profile as
the architecture-qualification and/or restriction for each build-
dependency that doesn't already have them.
TODO:
- Patches applied to the upstream source
- How to define a flavour
- More detail on generation of debian/control and configs
Running tests
=============
linux supports autopkgtest and should be able to run most of the
kernel's self-tests on any architecture where kexec is supported,
but it has higher resource requirements than most packages:
- A VM with plenty of disk space (10GB is enough), RAM (1GB is
probably enough) and at least 2 CPUs
- The temporary directory for adt-virt-qemu (-o option) will need
several GB of space, so a tmpfs may not be suitable
Note that if you tell adt-run to use an 'unbuilt tree' (i.e. an
unpacked source package) it does not exclude VCS directories such as
.git. Either use a packed source package or copy the working tree
elsewhere excluding .git.
Example invocation:
adt-run -B ../linux-image-4.2.0-rc6-amd64_4.2~rc6-1~exp2_amd64.deb \
../linux_4.2~rc6-1~exp2.dsc \
--timeout-test=1200 \
--- adt-virt-qemu /var/cache/autopkgtest/adt-sid.img -o /var/tmp -c 2
Build profiles
==============
Several build profiles are understood and supported:
- stage1: Needed when bootstrapping an architecture. A stage1 build
produces only the linux-libc-dev package and has no host
build-dependencies.
- nodoc: Exclude most documentation
- pkg.linux.notools: Exclude userland tool packages (linux-kbuild-<version>,
linux-perf-<version>, etc.)
- pkg.linux.nokernel: Exclude kernel image and header packages
- pkg.linux.nosource: Exclude source binary package (linux-source-<version>)
- cross: Needed when cross-building. Currently this must be used together
with nopython as the build-dependencies will be unsatisfiable otherwise.
- nopython: Disable Python bindings. This currently disables building the
linux-perf-<version> package, as the perf program embeds Python.
- pkg.linux.nometa: Exclude most meta-packages. The linux-compiler-* and
linux-headers-*-all* packages can still be built.
Build rules
===========
The Debian build rules are split across multiple makefiles:
- debian/rules: Standard top-level makefile for Debian package build.
- debian/rules.gen: Intermediate makefile between debian/rules and
debian/rules.real. This is generated by gencontrol.py based on
the configuration under debian/config.
- debian/rules.real: Makefile for building a single kernel flavour
or other group of binary packages.
- debian/rules.d: Makefiles for building userland code from specific
source directories. The directory structure mirrors the kernel
source directories. debian/rules.real uses the "make-tools" to
invoke these makefiles.
All builds *must* be done out-of-tree in a subdirectory of
debian/build, so that the output files do not end up in the
linux-source-<version> binary package. Currently kernel builds use
debian/build/build_<arch>_<featureset>_<flavour>, userland code uses
debian/build/build-tools/<source-dir> and documentation uses
debian/build/build-doc.
Code signing
============
The kernel image and modules may be signed after building, to support
a Secure Boot or Trusted Boot policy. In Debian, this is performed by
a "code signing service" that is separate from the normal package
build process.
The initial package build generates binary packages named
linux-image-<arch>-signed-template, that contain a source package
template and metadata about the files to be signed. The code signing
service will download this and the linux-image packages to be signed.
It will add detached signatures to the source package, then upload it
(without ever running debian/rules).
The source package template is generated by
debian/bin/gencontrol_signed.py and debian/rules.real with files from
debian/signing_templates and debian/templates. To test changes to
these:
1. Build the linux source package.
2. Generate the signed source package by running the script
"debian-test-sign" from the kernel-team.git repository. It is
also possible to set up a development configuration of the
official code signing service, but this is more complicated.
3. Build the signed source package.