util: Avoid undefined behaviour in for_each_helper

for_each_helper tries to calculate a one-past-the-end pointer for its
wl_array input. This is fine when the array has one or more entries, but we
initialize arrays by setting wl_array.data to NULL. Pointer arithmetic is
only defined when both the pointer operand and the result point to the same
allocation, or one-past-the-end of that allocation. As NULL points to no
allocation, no pointer arithmetic can be performed on it, not even adding 0,
even if the result is never dereferenced.

This is caught by clang's ubsan from version 10.

Many tests already hit this case, but I added an explicit test for iterating
over an empty wl_map.

Signed-off-by: Fergus Dall <sidereal@google.com>

src/wayland-util.c

@@ -363,18 +363,21 @@ wl_map_lookup_flags(struct wl_map *map, uint32_t i)
 static enum wl_iterator_result
 for_each_helper(struct wl_array *entries, wl_iterator_func_t func, void *data)
 {
-	union map_entry *start, *end, *p;
 	enum wl_iterator_result ret = WL_ITERATOR_CONTINUE;
+	union map_entry entry, *start;
+	size_t count;
 
-	start = entries->data;
-	end = (union map_entry *) ((char *) entries->data + entries->size);
+	start = (union map_entry *) entries->data;
+	count = entries->size / sizeof(union map_entry);
 
-	for (p = start; p < end; p++)
-		if (p->data && !map_entry_is_free(*p)) {
-			ret = func(map_entry_get_data(*p), data, map_entry_get_flags(*p));
+	for (size_t idx = 0; idx < count; idx++) {
+		entry = start[idx];
+		if (entry.data && !map_entry_is_free(entry)) {
+			ret = func(map_entry_get_data(entry), data, map_entry_get_flags(entry));
 			if (ret != WL_ITERATOR_CONTINUE)
 				break;
 		}
+	}
 
 	return ret;
 }

tests/map-test.c

@@ -119,3 +119,19 @@ TEST(map_flags)
 
 	wl_map_release(&map);
 }
+
+static enum wl_iterator_result never_run(void *element, void *data, uint32_t flags)
+{
+	assert(0);
+}
+
+TEST(map_iter_empty)
+{
+	struct wl_map map;
+
+	wl_map_init(&map, WL_MAP_SERVER_SIDE);
+
+	wl_map_for_each(&map, never_run, NULL);
+
+	wl_map_release(&map);
+}