diff --git a/eval/eval.go b/eval/eval.go
index 2a094af3..1a966029 100644
--- a/eval/eval.go
+++ b/eval/eval.go
@@ -70,8 +70,8 @@ func NewEvaler(st *store.Store) *Evaler {
 	return &Evaler{global, map[string]ns{}, searchPaths, st, nil}
 }
 
-func pprintError(e Error) {
-	switch e := e.inner.(type) {
+func PprintError(e error) {
+	switch e := e.(type) {
 	case nil:
 		fmt.Print("\033[32mok\033[m")
 	case multiError:
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ func pprintError(e Error) {
 			if i > 0 {
 				fmt.Print(" | ")
 			}
-			pprintError(c)
+			PprintError(c.inner)
 		}
 		fmt.Print(")")
 	case flow:
@@ -90,15 +90,6 @@ func pprintError(e Error) {
 	}
 }
 
-func PprintBadError(ex Error) {
-	if ex.Bool() {
-		return
-	}
-	fmt.Print("⤇ ")
-	pprintError(ex)
-	fmt.Println()
-}
-
 const (
 	outChanSize   = 32
 	outChanLeader = "▶ "
@@ -169,36 +160,36 @@ func makeScope(s ns) scope {
 
 // Eval evaluates a chunk node n. The supplied name and text are used in
 // diagnostic messages.
-func (ev *Evaler) Eval(name, text string, n *parse.Chunk) (Error, error) {
+func (ev *Evaler) Eval(name, text string, n *parse.Chunk) error {
 	return ev.evalWithOut(name, text, n, nil)
 }
 
-func (ev *Evaler) evalWithOut(name, text string, n *parse.Chunk, out *port) (Error, error) {
+func (ev *Evaler) evalWithOut(name, text string, n *parse.Chunk, out *port) error {
 	op, err := compile(name, text, makeScope(ev.global), n)
 	if err != nil {
-		return GenericFailure, err
+		return err
 	}
+
 	ec, outdone := newTopEvalCtx(ev, name, text)
 	if out != nil {
 		outdone = nil
 		ec.ports[1] = out
 	}
-	ex, err := ec.eval(op)
-	if err == nil && outdone != nil {
-		// XXX maybe the out channel is always closed regardless of the error? need some checking
+	ex := ec.peval(op)
+	ec.closePorts()
+	if outdone != nil {
 		<-outdone
 	}
-	return ex, err
+
+	return ex.inner
 }
 
-// eval evaluates an Op.
-func (ec *evalCtx) eval(op exitusOp) (ex Error, err error) {
-	if op == nil {
-		return OK, nil
-	}
-	defer ec.closePorts()
-	defer errutil.Catch(&err)
-	return op(ec), nil
+// peval evaluates an exitusOp in a protected environment so that calls to
+// errorf are wrapped in an Error.
+func (ec *evalCtx) peval(op exitusOp) (ex Error) {
+	// defer ec.closePorts()
+	defer errutil.Catch(&ex.inner)
+	return op(ec)
 }
 
 // errorf stops the ec.eval immediately by panicking with a diagnostic message.
@@ -223,10 +214,10 @@ func (ec *evalCtx) mustSingleString(vs []Value, what string, p int) String {
 }
 
 // SourceText evaluates a chunk of elvish source.
-func (ev *Evaler) SourceText(name, src, dir string) (Error, error) {
+func (ev *Evaler) SourceText(name, src, dir string) error {
 	n, err := parse.Parse(name, src)
 	if err != nil {
-		return GenericFailure, err
+		return err
 	}
 	return ev.Eval(name, src, n)
 }
@@ -243,10 +234,10 @@ func readFileUTF8(fname string) (string, error) {
 }
 
 // Source evaluates the content of a file.
-func (ev *Evaler) Source(fname string) (Error, error) {
+func (ev *Evaler) Source(fname string) error {
 	src, err := readFileUTF8(fname)
 	if err != nil {
-		return GenericFailure, err
+		return err
 	}
 	return ev.SourceText(fname, src, path.Dir(fname))
 }
diff --git a/eval/eval_test.go b/eval/eval_test.go
index c69d95fd..d8cab7d7 100644
--- a/eval/eval_test.go
+++ b/eval/eval_test.go
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 package eval
 
 import (
+	"errors"
 	"os"
 	"reflect"
 	"strconv"
@@ -26,10 +27,11 @@ func strs(ss ...string) []Value {
 	return vs
 }
 
+var anyerror = errors.New("")
+
 type more struct {
 	wantBytesOut []byte
-	wantExit     Error
-	wantError    bool
+	wantError    error
 }
 
 var nomore more
@@ -45,7 +47,7 @@ var evalTests = []struct {
 	// Outputs of pipelines in a chunk are concatenated
 	{"put x; put y; put z", strs("x", "y", "z"), nomore},
 	// A failed pipeline cause the whole chunk to fail
-	{"put a; false; put b", strs("a"), more{wantExit: NewFailure("1")}},
+	{"put a; false; put b", strs("a"), more{wantError: errors.New("1")}},
 
 	// Pipelines
 	// Pure byte pipeline
@@ -142,7 +144,7 @@ func mustParse(t *testing.T, name, text string) *parse.Chunk {
 	return n
 }
 
-func evalAndCollect(t *testing.T, texts []string, chsize int) ([]Value, []byte, Error, error) {
+func evalAndCollect(t *testing.T, texts []string, chsize int) ([]Value, []byte, error) {
 	name := "<eval test>"
 	ev := NewEvaler(nil)
 
@@ -166,7 +168,7 @@ func evalAndCollect(t *testing.T, texts []string, chsize int) ([]Value, []byte,
 	outs := []Value{}
 
 	// Exit. Only the exit of the last text is saved.
-	var ex Error
+	var ex error
 
 	for _, text := range texts {
 		n := mustParse(t, name, text)
@@ -180,21 +182,19 @@ func evalAndCollect(t *testing.T, texts []string, chsize int) ([]Value, []byte,
 			exhausted <- struct{}{}
 		}()
 
-		var err error
-		ex, err = ev.evalWithOut(name, text, n, &port{ch: out, closeCh: true, f: pw})
-		if err != nil {
-			return outs, outBytes, ex, err
-		}
+		ex = ev.evalWithOut(name, text, n, &port{ch: out, closeCh: true, f: pw})
 		<-exhausted
 	}
 	pw.Close()
 	<-bytesExhausted
-	return outs, outBytes, ex, nil
+	return outs, outBytes, ex
 }
 
 func TestEval(t *testing.T) {
 	for _, tt := range evalTests {
-		out, bytesOut, ex, err := evalAndCollect(t, []string{tt.text}, len(tt.wantOut))
+		// fmt.Printf("eval %q\n", tt.text)
+
+		out, bytesOut, err := evalAndCollect(t, []string{tt.text}, len(tt.wantOut))
 
 		good := true
 		errorf := func(format string, args ...interface{}) {
@@ -205,21 +205,11 @@ func TestEval(t *testing.T) {
 			t.Errorf(format, args...)
 		}
 
-		if tt.wantError != (err != nil) {
-			wantError := "nil"
-			if tt.wantError {
-				wantError = "non-nil"
-			}
-			errorf("got err=%v, want %s", err, wantError)
-		}
 		if tt.wantBytesOut != nil && !reflect.DeepEqual(tt.wantBytesOut, bytesOut) {
 			errorf("got bytesOut=%q, want %q", bytesOut, tt.wantBytesOut)
 		}
-		if tt.wantExit != OK && !reflect.DeepEqual(tt.wantExit, ex) {
-			errorf("got exitus=%v, want %v", ex, tt.wantExit)
-		}
-		if tt.wantExit == OK && !ex.Bool() {
-			errorf("got exitus=%v, want all ok", ex)
+		if !(tt.wantError == anyerror && err != nil) && !reflect.DeepEqual(tt.wantError, err) {
+			errorf("got err=%v, want %v", err, tt.wantError)
 		}
 		if !reflect.DeepEqual(tt.wantOut, out) {
 			errorf("got out=%v, want %v", out, tt.wantOut)
@@ -231,7 +221,7 @@ func TestEval(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestMultipleEval(t *testing.T) {
-	outs, _, _, err := evalAndCollect(t, []string{"set x = hello", "put $x"}, 1)
+	outs, _, err := evalAndCollect(t, []string{"set x = hello", "put $x"}, 1)
 	wanted := strs("hello")
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Errorf("eval %q => %v, want nil", err)
diff --git a/eval/exec.go b/eval/exec.go
index d44244eb..30857862 100644
--- a/eval/exec.go
+++ b/eval/exec.go
@@ -4,8 +4,6 @@ import (
 	"fmt"
 	"os"
 	"syscall"
-
-	"github.com/elves/elvish/errutil"
 )
 
 const (
@@ -76,13 +74,10 @@ func (c *Closure) Call(ec *evalCtx, args []Value) Error {
 	// TODO(xiaq): Also change ec.name and ec.text since the closure being
 	// called can come from another source.
 
-	ex, err := ec.eval(c.Op)
-	if err != nil {
-		fmt.Print(err.(*errutil.ContextualError).Pprint())
-		return evalFailure
-	}
-
+	ex := ec.peval(c.Op)
+	ec.closePorts()
 	return ex
+	// return ec.peval(c.Op)
 }
 
 // waitStatusToError converts syscall.WaitStatus to an Error.
diff --git a/main.go b/main.go
index 775b1487..286fb3f4 100644
--- a/main.go
+++ b/main.go
@@ -42,12 +42,14 @@ func newEvalerAndStore() (*eval.Evaler, *store.Store) {
 }
 
 func printError(err error) {
-	if err != nil {
-		if ce, ok := err.(*errutil.ContextualError); ok {
-			fmt.Fprint(os.Stderr, ce.Pprint())
-		} else {
-			fmt.Fprintln(os.Stderr, err.Error())
-		}
+	if err == nil {
+		return
+	}
+	if ce, ok := err.(*errutil.ContextualError); ok {
+		fmt.Fprint(os.Stderr, ce.Pprint())
+	} else {
+		eval.PprintError(err)
+		fmt.Println()
 	}
 }
 
@@ -58,13 +60,10 @@ func interact() {
 	printError(err)
 	if err == nil {
 		// XXX
-		ex, err := ev.Source(datadir + "/rc.elv")
+		err := ev.Source(datadir + "/rc.elv")
 		if err != nil && !os.IsNotExist(err) {
 			printError(err)
 		}
-		if !os.IsNotExist(err) {
-			eval.PprintBadError(ex)
-		}
 	}
 
 	cmdNum := 0
@@ -110,19 +109,17 @@ func interact() {
 		printError(err)
 
 		if err == nil {
-			ex, err := ev.Eval(name, lr.Line, n)
+			err := ev.Eval(name, lr.Line, n)
 			printError(err)
-			eval.PprintBadError(ex)
 		}
 	}
 }
 
 func script(fname string) {
 	ev, _ := newEvalerAndStore()
-	ex, err := ev.Source(fname)
-	printError(err)
-	eval.PprintBadError(ex)
-	if err != nil || !ex.Bool() {
+	err := ev.Source(fname)
+	if err != nil {
+		printError(err)
 		os.Exit(1)
 	}
 }