cdabce2e3d
__raise_softirq_irqoff() must be called with interrupts disabled to protect the per CPU softirq pending state update against an interrupt and soft interrupt handling on return from interrupt. Add a lockdep assertion to validate the calling convention. [ tglx: Massaged changelog ] Signed-off-by: Jiafei Pan <Jiafei.Pan@nxp.com> Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20200814045522.45719-1-Jiafei.Pan@nxp.com
764 lines
18 KiB
C
764 lines
18 KiB
C
// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
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/*
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* linux/kernel/softirq.c
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*
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* Copyright (C) 1992 Linus Torvalds
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*
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* Rewritten. Old one was good in 2.2, but in 2.3 it was immoral. --ANK (990903)
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*/
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#define pr_fmt(fmt) KBUILD_MODNAME ": " fmt
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#include <linux/export.h>
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#include <linux/kernel_stat.h>
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#include <linux/interrupt.h>
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#include <linux/init.h>
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#include <linux/mm.h>
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#include <linux/notifier.h>
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#include <linux/percpu.h>
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#include <linux/cpu.h>
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#include <linux/freezer.h>
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#include <linux/kthread.h>
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#include <linux/rcupdate.h>
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#include <linux/ftrace.h>
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#include <linux/smp.h>
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#include <linux/smpboot.h>
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#include <linux/tick.h>
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#include <linux/irq.h>
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#define CREATE_TRACE_POINTS
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#include <trace/events/irq.h>
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/*
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- No shared variables, all the data are CPU local.
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- If a softirq needs serialization, let it serialize itself
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by its own spinlocks.
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- Even if softirq is serialized, only local cpu is marked for
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execution. Hence, we get something sort of weak cpu binding.
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Though it is still not clear, will it result in better locality
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or will not.
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Examples:
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- NET RX softirq. It is multithreaded and does not require
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any global serialization.
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- NET TX softirq. It kicks software netdevice queues, hence
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it is logically serialized per device, but this serialization
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is invisible to common code.
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- Tasklets: serialized wrt itself.
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*/
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#ifndef __ARCH_IRQ_STAT
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DEFINE_PER_CPU_ALIGNED(irq_cpustat_t, irq_stat);
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EXPORT_PER_CPU_SYMBOL(irq_stat);
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#endif
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static struct softirq_action softirq_vec[NR_SOFTIRQS] __cacheline_aligned_in_smp;
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DEFINE_PER_CPU(struct task_struct *, ksoftirqd);
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const char * const softirq_to_name[NR_SOFTIRQS] = {
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"HI", "TIMER", "NET_TX", "NET_RX", "BLOCK", "IRQ_POLL",
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"TASKLET", "SCHED", "HRTIMER", "RCU"
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};
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/*
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* we cannot loop indefinitely here to avoid userspace starvation,
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* but we also don't want to introduce a worst case 1/HZ latency
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* to the pending events, so lets the scheduler to balance
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* the softirq load for us.
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*/
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static void wakeup_softirqd(void)
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{
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/* Interrupts are disabled: no need to stop preemption */
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struct task_struct *tsk = __this_cpu_read(ksoftirqd);
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if (tsk && tsk->state != TASK_RUNNING)
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wake_up_process(tsk);
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}
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/*
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* If ksoftirqd is scheduled, we do not want to process pending softirqs
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* right now. Let ksoftirqd handle this at its own rate, to get fairness,
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* unless we're doing some of the synchronous softirqs.
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*/
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#define SOFTIRQ_NOW_MASK ((1 << HI_SOFTIRQ) | (1 << TASKLET_SOFTIRQ))
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static bool ksoftirqd_running(unsigned long pending)
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{
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struct task_struct *tsk = __this_cpu_read(ksoftirqd);
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if (pending & SOFTIRQ_NOW_MASK)
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return false;
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return tsk && (tsk->state == TASK_RUNNING) &&
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!__kthread_should_park(tsk);
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}
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/*
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* preempt_count and SOFTIRQ_OFFSET usage:
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* - preempt_count is changed by SOFTIRQ_OFFSET on entering or leaving
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* softirq processing.
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* - preempt_count is changed by SOFTIRQ_DISABLE_OFFSET (= 2 * SOFTIRQ_OFFSET)
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* on local_bh_disable or local_bh_enable.
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* This lets us distinguish between whether we are currently processing
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* softirq and whether we just have bh disabled.
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*/
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/*
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* This one is for softirq.c-internal use,
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* where hardirqs are disabled legitimately:
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*/
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#ifdef CONFIG_TRACE_IRQFLAGS
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DEFINE_PER_CPU(int, hardirqs_enabled);
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DEFINE_PER_CPU(int, hardirq_context);
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EXPORT_PER_CPU_SYMBOL_GPL(hardirqs_enabled);
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EXPORT_PER_CPU_SYMBOL_GPL(hardirq_context);
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void __local_bh_disable_ip(unsigned long ip, unsigned int cnt)
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{
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unsigned long flags;
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WARN_ON_ONCE(in_irq());
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raw_local_irq_save(flags);
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/*
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* The preempt tracer hooks into preempt_count_add and will break
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* lockdep because it calls back into lockdep after SOFTIRQ_OFFSET
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* is set and before current->softirq_enabled is cleared.
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* We must manually increment preempt_count here and manually
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* call the trace_preempt_off later.
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*/
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__preempt_count_add(cnt);
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/*
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* Were softirqs turned off above:
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*/
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if (softirq_count() == (cnt & SOFTIRQ_MASK))
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lockdep_softirqs_off(ip);
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raw_local_irq_restore(flags);
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if (preempt_count() == cnt) {
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#ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_PREEMPT
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current->preempt_disable_ip = get_lock_parent_ip();
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#endif
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trace_preempt_off(CALLER_ADDR0, get_lock_parent_ip());
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}
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}
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EXPORT_SYMBOL(__local_bh_disable_ip);
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#endif /* CONFIG_TRACE_IRQFLAGS */
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static void __local_bh_enable(unsigned int cnt)
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{
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lockdep_assert_irqs_disabled();
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if (preempt_count() == cnt)
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trace_preempt_on(CALLER_ADDR0, get_lock_parent_ip());
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if (softirq_count() == (cnt & SOFTIRQ_MASK))
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lockdep_softirqs_on(_RET_IP_);
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__preempt_count_sub(cnt);
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}
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/*
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* Special-case - softirqs can safely be enabled by __do_softirq(),
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* without processing still-pending softirqs:
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*/
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void _local_bh_enable(void)
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{
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WARN_ON_ONCE(in_irq());
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__local_bh_enable(SOFTIRQ_DISABLE_OFFSET);
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}
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EXPORT_SYMBOL(_local_bh_enable);
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void __local_bh_enable_ip(unsigned long ip, unsigned int cnt)
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{
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WARN_ON_ONCE(in_irq());
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lockdep_assert_irqs_enabled();
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#ifdef CONFIG_TRACE_IRQFLAGS
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local_irq_disable();
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#endif
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/*
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* Are softirqs going to be turned on now:
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*/
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if (softirq_count() == SOFTIRQ_DISABLE_OFFSET)
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lockdep_softirqs_on(ip);
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/*
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* Keep preemption disabled until we are done with
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* softirq processing:
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*/
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preempt_count_sub(cnt - 1);
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if (unlikely(!in_interrupt() && local_softirq_pending())) {
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/*
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* Run softirq if any pending. And do it in its own stack
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* as we may be calling this deep in a task call stack already.
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*/
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do_softirq();
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}
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preempt_count_dec();
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#ifdef CONFIG_TRACE_IRQFLAGS
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local_irq_enable();
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#endif
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preempt_check_resched();
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}
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EXPORT_SYMBOL(__local_bh_enable_ip);
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/*
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* We restart softirq processing for at most MAX_SOFTIRQ_RESTART times,
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* but break the loop if need_resched() is set or after 2 ms.
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* The MAX_SOFTIRQ_TIME provides a nice upper bound in most cases, but in
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* certain cases, such as stop_machine(), jiffies may cease to
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* increment and so we need the MAX_SOFTIRQ_RESTART limit as
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* well to make sure we eventually return from this method.
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*
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* These limits have been established via experimentation.
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* The two things to balance is latency against fairness -
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* we want to handle softirqs as soon as possible, but they
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* should not be able to lock up the box.
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*/
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#define MAX_SOFTIRQ_TIME msecs_to_jiffies(2)
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#define MAX_SOFTIRQ_RESTART 10
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#ifdef CONFIG_TRACE_IRQFLAGS
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/*
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* When we run softirqs from irq_exit() and thus on the hardirq stack we need
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* to keep the lockdep irq context tracking as tight as possible in order to
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* not miss-qualify lock contexts and miss possible deadlocks.
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*/
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static inline bool lockdep_softirq_start(void)
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{
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bool in_hardirq = false;
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if (lockdep_hardirq_context()) {
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in_hardirq = true;
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lockdep_hardirq_exit();
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}
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lockdep_softirq_enter();
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return in_hardirq;
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}
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static inline void lockdep_softirq_end(bool in_hardirq)
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{
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lockdep_softirq_exit();
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if (in_hardirq)
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lockdep_hardirq_enter();
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}
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#else
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static inline bool lockdep_softirq_start(void) { return false; }
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static inline void lockdep_softirq_end(bool in_hardirq) { }
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#endif
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asmlinkage __visible void __softirq_entry __do_softirq(void)
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{
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unsigned long end = jiffies + MAX_SOFTIRQ_TIME;
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unsigned long old_flags = current->flags;
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int max_restart = MAX_SOFTIRQ_RESTART;
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struct softirq_action *h;
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bool in_hardirq;
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__u32 pending;
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int softirq_bit;
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/*
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* Mask out PF_MEMALLOC as the current task context is borrowed for the
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* softirq. A softirq handled, such as network RX, might set PF_MEMALLOC
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* again if the socket is related to swapping.
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*/
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current->flags &= ~PF_MEMALLOC;
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pending = local_softirq_pending();
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account_irq_enter_time(current);
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__local_bh_disable_ip(_RET_IP_, SOFTIRQ_OFFSET);
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in_hardirq = lockdep_softirq_start();
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restart:
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/* Reset the pending bitmask before enabling irqs */
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set_softirq_pending(0);
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local_irq_enable();
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h = softirq_vec;
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while ((softirq_bit = ffs(pending))) {
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unsigned int vec_nr;
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int prev_count;
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h += softirq_bit - 1;
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vec_nr = h - softirq_vec;
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prev_count = preempt_count();
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kstat_incr_softirqs_this_cpu(vec_nr);
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trace_softirq_entry(vec_nr);
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h->action(h);
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trace_softirq_exit(vec_nr);
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if (unlikely(prev_count != preempt_count())) {
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pr_err("huh, entered softirq %u %s %p with preempt_count %08x, exited with %08x?\n",
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vec_nr, softirq_to_name[vec_nr], h->action,
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prev_count, preempt_count());
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preempt_count_set(prev_count);
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}
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h++;
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pending >>= softirq_bit;
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}
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if (__this_cpu_read(ksoftirqd) == current)
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rcu_softirq_qs();
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local_irq_disable();
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pending = local_softirq_pending();
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if (pending) {
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if (time_before(jiffies, end) && !need_resched() &&
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--max_restart)
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goto restart;
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wakeup_softirqd();
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}
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lockdep_softirq_end(in_hardirq);
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account_irq_exit_time(current);
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__local_bh_enable(SOFTIRQ_OFFSET);
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WARN_ON_ONCE(in_interrupt());
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current_restore_flags(old_flags, PF_MEMALLOC);
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}
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asmlinkage __visible void do_softirq(void)
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{
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__u32 pending;
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unsigned long flags;
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if (in_interrupt())
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return;
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local_irq_save(flags);
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pending = local_softirq_pending();
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if (pending && !ksoftirqd_running(pending))
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do_softirq_own_stack();
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local_irq_restore(flags);
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}
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/**
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* irq_enter_rcu - Enter an interrupt context with RCU watching
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*/
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void irq_enter_rcu(void)
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{
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if (is_idle_task(current) && !in_interrupt()) {
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/*
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* Prevent raise_softirq from needlessly waking up ksoftirqd
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* here, as softirq will be serviced on return from interrupt.
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*/
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local_bh_disable();
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tick_irq_enter();
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_local_bh_enable();
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}
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__irq_enter();
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}
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/**
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* irq_enter - Enter an interrupt context including RCU update
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*/
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void irq_enter(void)
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{
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rcu_irq_enter();
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irq_enter_rcu();
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}
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static inline void invoke_softirq(void)
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{
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if (ksoftirqd_running(local_softirq_pending()))
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return;
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if (!force_irqthreads) {
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#ifdef CONFIG_HAVE_IRQ_EXIT_ON_IRQ_STACK
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/*
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* We can safely execute softirq on the current stack if
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* it is the irq stack, because it should be near empty
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* at this stage.
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*/
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__do_softirq();
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#else
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/*
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* Otherwise, irq_exit() is called on the task stack that can
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* be potentially deep already. So call softirq in its own stack
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* to prevent from any overrun.
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*/
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do_softirq_own_stack();
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#endif
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} else {
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wakeup_softirqd();
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}
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}
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static inline void tick_irq_exit(void)
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{
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#ifdef CONFIG_NO_HZ_COMMON
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int cpu = smp_processor_id();
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/* Make sure that timer wheel updates are propagated */
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if ((idle_cpu(cpu) && !need_resched()) || tick_nohz_full_cpu(cpu)) {
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if (!in_irq())
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tick_nohz_irq_exit();
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}
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#endif
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}
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static inline void __irq_exit_rcu(void)
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{
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#ifndef __ARCH_IRQ_EXIT_IRQS_DISABLED
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local_irq_disable();
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#else
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lockdep_assert_irqs_disabled();
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#endif
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account_irq_exit_time(current);
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preempt_count_sub(HARDIRQ_OFFSET);
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if (!in_interrupt() && local_softirq_pending())
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invoke_softirq();
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tick_irq_exit();
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}
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/**
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* irq_exit_rcu() - Exit an interrupt context without updating RCU
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*
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* Also processes softirqs if needed and possible.
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*/
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void irq_exit_rcu(void)
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{
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__irq_exit_rcu();
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/* must be last! */
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lockdep_hardirq_exit();
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}
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/**
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* irq_exit - Exit an interrupt context, update RCU and lockdep
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*
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* Also processes softirqs if needed and possible.
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*/
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void irq_exit(void)
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{
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__irq_exit_rcu();
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rcu_irq_exit();
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/* must be last! */
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lockdep_hardirq_exit();
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}
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/*
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* This function must run with irqs disabled!
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*/
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inline void raise_softirq_irqoff(unsigned int nr)
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{
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__raise_softirq_irqoff(nr);
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|
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/*
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* If we're in an interrupt or softirq, we're done
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* (this also catches softirq-disabled code). We will
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* actually run the softirq once we return from
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* the irq or softirq.
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*
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* Otherwise we wake up ksoftirqd to make sure we
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* schedule the softirq soon.
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*/
|
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if (!in_interrupt())
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wakeup_softirqd();
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}
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|
|
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void raise_softirq(unsigned int nr)
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{
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unsigned long flags;
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|
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local_irq_save(flags);
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raise_softirq_irqoff(nr);
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local_irq_restore(flags);
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}
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|
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void __raise_softirq_irqoff(unsigned int nr)
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{
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lockdep_assert_irqs_disabled();
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trace_softirq_raise(nr);
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or_softirq_pending(1UL << nr);
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}
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|
|
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void open_softirq(int nr, void (*action)(struct softirq_action *))
|
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{
|
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softirq_vec[nr].action = action;
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}
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|
|
|
/*
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* Tasklets
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|
*/
|
|
struct tasklet_head {
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|
struct tasklet_struct *head;
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|
struct tasklet_struct **tail;
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};
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|
|
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static DEFINE_PER_CPU(struct tasklet_head, tasklet_vec);
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static DEFINE_PER_CPU(struct tasklet_head, tasklet_hi_vec);
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|
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static void __tasklet_schedule_common(struct tasklet_struct *t,
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struct tasklet_head __percpu *headp,
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unsigned int softirq_nr)
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{
|
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struct tasklet_head *head;
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unsigned long flags;
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|
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local_irq_save(flags);
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head = this_cpu_ptr(headp);
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t->next = NULL;
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*head->tail = t;
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head->tail = &(t->next);
|
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raise_softirq_irqoff(softirq_nr);
|
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local_irq_restore(flags);
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}
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|
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void __tasklet_schedule(struct tasklet_struct *t)
|
|
{
|
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__tasklet_schedule_common(t, &tasklet_vec,
|
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TASKLET_SOFTIRQ);
|
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}
|
|
EXPORT_SYMBOL(__tasklet_schedule);
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|
|
|
void __tasklet_hi_schedule(struct tasklet_struct *t)
|
|
{
|
|
__tasklet_schedule_common(t, &tasklet_hi_vec,
|
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HI_SOFTIRQ);
|
|
}
|
|
EXPORT_SYMBOL(__tasklet_hi_schedule);
|
|
|
|
static void tasklet_action_common(struct softirq_action *a,
|
|
struct tasklet_head *tl_head,
|
|
unsigned int softirq_nr)
|
|
{
|
|
struct tasklet_struct *list;
|
|
|
|
local_irq_disable();
|
|
list = tl_head->head;
|
|
tl_head->head = NULL;
|
|
tl_head->tail = &tl_head->head;
|
|
local_irq_enable();
|
|
|
|
while (list) {
|
|
struct tasklet_struct *t = list;
|
|
|
|
list = list->next;
|
|
|
|
if (tasklet_trylock(t)) {
|
|
if (!atomic_read(&t->count)) {
|
|
if (!test_and_clear_bit(TASKLET_STATE_SCHED,
|
|
&t->state))
|
|
BUG();
|
|
if (t->use_callback)
|
|
t->callback(t);
|
|
else
|
|
t->func(t->data);
|
|
tasklet_unlock(t);
|
|
continue;
|
|
}
|
|
tasklet_unlock(t);
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
local_irq_disable();
|
|
t->next = NULL;
|
|
*tl_head->tail = t;
|
|
tl_head->tail = &t->next;
|
|
__raise_softirq_irqoff(softirq_nr);
|
|
local_irq_enable();
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
static __latent_entropy void tasklet_action(struct softirq_action *a)
|
|
{
|
|
tasklet_action_common(a, this_cpu_ptr(&tasklet_vec), TASKLET_SOFTIRQ);
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
static __latent_entropy void tasklet_hi_action(struct softirq_action *a)
|
|
{
|
|
tasklet_action_common(a, this_cpu_ptr(&tasklet_hi_vec), HI_SOFTIRQ);
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
void tasklet_setup(struct tasklet_struct *t,
|
|
void (*callback)(struct tasklet_struct *))
|
|
{
|
|
t->next = NULL;
|
|
t->state = 0;
|
|
atomic_set(&t->count, 0);
|
|
t->callback = callback;
|
|
t->use_callback = true;
|
|
t->data = 0;
|
|
}
|
|
EXPORT_SYMBOL(tasklet_setup);
|
|
|
|
void tasklet_init(struct tasklet_struct *t,
|
|
void (*func)(unsigned long), unsigned long data)
|
|
{
|
|
t->next = NULL;
|
|
t->state = 0;
|
|
atomic_set(&t->count, 0);
|
|
t->func = func;
|
|
t->use_callback = false;
|
|
t->data = data;
|
|
}
|
|
EXPORT_SYMBOL(tasklet_init);
|
|
|
|
void tasklet_kill(struct tasklet_struct *t)
|
|
{
|
|
if (in_interrupt())
|
|
pr_notice("Attempt to kill tasklet from interrupt\n");
|
|
|
|
while (test_and_set_bit(TASKLET_STATE_SCHED, &t->state)) {
|
|
do {
|
|
yield();
|
|
} while (test_bit(TASKLET_STATE_SCHED, &t->state));
|
|
}
|
|
tasklet_unlock_wait(t);
|
|
clear_bit(TASKLET_STATE_SCHED, &t->state);
|
|
}
|
|
EXPORT_SYMBOL(tasklet_kill);
|
|
|
|
void __init softirq_init(void)
|
|
{
|
|
int cpu;
|
|
|
|
for_each_possible_cpu(cpu) {
|
|
per_cpu(tasklet_vec, cpu).tail =
|
|
&per_cpu(tasklet_vec, cpu).head;
|
|
per_cpu(tasklet_hi_vec, cpu).tail =
|
|
&per_cpu(tasklet_hi_vec, cpu).head;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
open_softirq(TASKLET_SOFTIRQ, tasklet_action);
|
|
open_softirq(HI_SOFTIRQ, tasklet_hi_action);
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
static int ksoftirqd_should_run(unsigned int cpu)
|
|
{
|
|
return local_softirq_pending();
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
static void run_ksoftirqd(unsigned int cpu)
|
|
{
|
|
local_irq_disable();
|
|
if (local_softirq_pending()) {
|
|
/*
|
|
* We can safely run softirq on inline stack, as we are not deep
|
|
* in the task stack here.
|
|
*/
|
|
__do_softirq();
|
|
local_irq_enable();
|
|
cond_resched();
|
|
return;
|
|
}
|
|
local_irq_enable();
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
#ifdef CONFIG_HOTPLUG_CPU
|
|
/*
|
|
* tasklet_kill_immediate is called to remove a tasklet which can already be
|
|
* scheduled for execution on @cpu.
|
|
*
|
|
* Unlike tasklet_kill, this function removes the tasklet
|
|
* _immediately_, even if the tasklet is in TASKLET_STATE_SCHED state.
|
|
*
|
|
* When this function is called, @cpu must be in the CPU_DEAD state.
|
|
*/
|
|
void tasklet_kill_immediate(struct tasklet_struct *t, unsigned int cpu)
|
|
{
|
|
struct tasklet_struct **i;
|
|
|
|
BUG_ON(cpu_online(cpu));
|
|
BUG_ON(test_bit(TASKLET_STATE_RUN, &t->state));
|
|
|
|
if (!test_bit(TASKLET_STATE_SCHED, &t->state))
|
|
return;
|
|
|
|
/* CPU is dead, so no lock needed. */
|
|
for (i = &per_cpu(tasklet_vec, cpu).head; *i; i = &(*i)->next) {
|
|
if (*i == t) {
|
|
*i = t->next;
|
|
/* If this was the tail element, move the tail ptr */
|
|
if (*i == NULL)
|
|
per_cpu(tasklet_vec, cpu).tail = i;
|
|
return;
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
BUG();
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
static int takeover_tasklets(unsigned int cpu)
|
|
{
|
|
/* CPU is dead, so no lock needed. */
|
|
local_irq_disable();
|
|
|
|
/* Find end, append list for that CPU. */
|
|
if (&per_cpu(tasklet_vec, cpu).head != per_cpu(tasklet_vec, cpu).tail) {
|
|
*__this_cpu_read(tasklet_vec.tail) = per_cpu(tasklet_vec, cpu).head;
|
|
__this_cpu_write(tasklet_vec.tail, per_cpu(tasklet_vec, cpu).tail);
|
|
per_cpu(tasklet_vec, cpu).head = NULL;
|
|
per_cpu(tasklet_vec, cpu).tail = &per_cpu(tasklet_vec, cpu).head;
|
|
}
|
|
raise_softirq_irqoff(TASKLET_SOFTIRQ);
|
|
|
|
if (&per_cpu(tasklet_hi_vec, cpu).head != per_cpu(tasklet_hi_vec, cpu).tail) {
|
|
*__this_cpu_read(tasklet_hi_vec.tail) = per_cpu(tasklet_hi_vec, cpu).head;
|
|
__this_cpu_write(tasklet_hi_vec.tail, per_cpu(tasklet_hi_vec, cpu).tail);
|
|
per_cpu(tasklet_hi_vec, cpu).head = NULL;
|
|
per_cpu(tasklet_hi_vec, cpu).tail = &per_cpu(tasklet_hi_vec, cpu).head;
|
|
}
|
|
raise_softirq_irqoff(HI_SOFTIRQ);
|
|
|
|
local_irq_enable();
|
|
return 0;
|
|
}
|
|
#else
|
|
#define takeover_tasklets NULL
|
|
#endif /* CONFIG_HOTPLUG_CPU */
|
|
|
|
static struct smp_hotplug_thread softirq_threads = {
|
|
.store = &ksoftirqd,
|
|
.thread_should_run = ksoftirqd_should_run,
|
|
.thread_fn = run_ksoftirqd,
|
|
.thread_comm = "ksoftirqd/%u",
|
|
};
|
|
|
|
static __init int spawn_ksoftirqd(void)
|
|
{
|
|
cpuhp_setup_state_nocalls(CPUHP_SOFTIRQ_DEAD, "softirq:dead", NULL,
|
|
takeover_tasklets);
|
|
BUG_ON(smpboot_register_percpu_thread(&softirq_threads));
|
|
|
|
return 0;
|
|
}
|
|
early_initcall(spawn_ksoftirqd);
|
|
|
|
/*
|
|
* [ These __weak aliases are kept in a separate compilation unit, so that
|
|
* GCC does not inline them incorrectly. ]
|
|
*/
|
|
|
|
int __init __weak early_irq_init(void)
|
|
{
|
|
return 0;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
int __init __weak arch_probe_nr_irqs(void)
|
|
{
|
|
return NR_IRQS_LEGACY;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
int __init __weak arch_early_irq_init(void)
|
|
{
|
|
return 0;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
unsigned int __weak arch_dynirq_lower_bound(unsigned int from)
|
|
{
|
|
return from;
|
|
}
|